Gold Nanoparticles in Bioanalytical Assays and Sensors

In this review we report two major applications of gold nanoparticles in the field of bioassay and sensing. The first application is a unique, sensitive, and highly specific immunoassay system for antibodies using gold nanoparticles. The assay is based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles that are coated with protein antigens in the presence of their corresponding antibodies. Aggregation of the gold nanoparticles results in an absorption change at 620 nm that is used to calibrate the amount of antibodies. The effects of pH, temperature, and the concentration of protein A-coated gold nanoparticles on the sensitivity of the assay were investigated. A dynamic range of two orders of magnitude and a limit of detection of 1 μg/mL of anti-protein A were observed.

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