An evaluation of dynamic outlet boundary conditions in a 1D fluid dynamics model.

When modeling the cardiovascular system, the use of boundary conditions that closely represent the interaction between the region of interest and the surrounding vessels and organs will result in more accurate predictions. An often overlooked feature of outlet boundary conditions is the dynamics associated with regulation of the distribution of pressure and flow. This study implements a dynamic impedance outlet boundary condition in a one-dimensional fluid dynamics model using the pulmonary vasculature and respiration (feedback mechanism) as an example of a dynamic system. The dynamic boundary condition was successfully implemented and the pressure and flow were predicted for an entire respiration cycle. The cardiac cycles at maximal expiration and inspiration were predicted with a root mean square error of 0.61 and 0.59 mm Hg, respectively.

[1]  Y. Arakaki,et al.  Cardiorespiratory response during exercise in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease with and without a Fontan operation and in patients with congestive heart failure. , 1998, International journal of cardiology.

[2]  Charles A. Taylor,et al.  Morphometry-Based Impedance Boundary Conditions for Patient-Specific Modeling of Blood Flow in Pulmonary Arteries , 2007, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[3]  Charles A. Taylor,et al.  Outflow boundary conditions for one-dimensional finite element modeling of blood flow and pressure waves in arteries , 2004 .

[4]  D.J. Brown,et al.  Input impedance and reflection coefficient in fractal-like models of asymmetrically branching compliant tubes , 1996, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[5]  A Noordergraaf,et al.  Analog studies of the human systemic arterial tree. , 1969, Journal of biomechanics.

[6]  P. Persson,et al.  Oxygen and renal hemodynamics in the conscious rat. , 2000, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[7]  Charles A. Taylor,et al.  A new multiparameter approach to computational simulation for Fontan assessment and redesign. , 2010, Congenital heart disease.

[8]  Alison L. Marsden,et al.  Outflow boundary conditions for 3D simulations of non-periodic blood flow and pressure fields in deformable arteries , 2010, Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.

[9]  A. Avolio,et al.  Multi-branched model of the human arterial system , 1980, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[10]  Brooke N. Steele,et al.  Predicting Arterial Flow and Pressure Dynamics Using a 1D Fluid Dynamics Model with a Viscoelastic Wall , 2011, SIAM J. Appl. Math..

[11]  Brooke N. Steele,et al.  Impedance Boundary Conditions for the Pulmonary Vasculature Including the Effects of Geometry, Compliance, and Respiration , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[12]  M. G. Taylor,et al.  The input impedance of an assembly of randomly branching elastic tubes. , 1966, Biophysical journal.

[13]  J. Whittenberger,et al.  Influence of state of inflation of the lung on pulmonary vascular resistance. , 1960, Journal of applied physiology.

[14]  Z. Hantos,et al.  Lung mechanical and vascular changes during positive- and negative-pressure lung inflations: importance of reference pressures in the pulmonary vasculature. , 2009, Journal of applied physiology.

[15]  M. Olufsen,et al.  Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Blood Flow in Arteries with Structured-Tree Outflow Conditions , 2000, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[16]  A. Redington,et al.  Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of pulmonary blood flow after the Fontan operation: the role of the lungs. , 1991, British heart journal.

[17]  A. Redington,et al.  Pulmonary blood flow after total cavopulmonary shunt. , 1991, British heart journal.

[18]  A. Yoganathan,et al.  Introduction of a new optimized total cavopulmonary connection. , 2007, The Annals of thoracic surgery.

[19]  Thomas J. R. Hughes,et al.  On the one-dimensional theory of blood flow in the larger vessels , 1973 .

[20]  F. Migliavacca,et al.  Multiscale modeling of the cardiovascular system: application to the study of pulmonary and coronary perfusions in the univentricular circulation. , 2005, Journal of biomechanics.

[21]  Charles A. Taylor,et al.  Outflow boundary conditions for three-dimensional finite element modeling of blood flow and pressure in arteries , 2006 .

[22]  C. Taylor,et al.  Predictive medicine: computational techniques in therapeutic decision-making. , 1999, Computer aided surgery : official journal of the International Society for Computer Aided Surgery.

[23]  H. Ehmke,et al.  Autoregulation and non‐homeostatic behaviour of renal blood flow in conscious dogs. , 1993, The Journal of physiology.

[24]  Jing Wan,et al.  A One-dimensional Finite Element Method for Simulation-based Medical Planning for Cardiovascular Disease , 2002, Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.

[25]  T. Barstow,et al.  Abnormal dynamic cardiorespiratory responses to exercise in pediatric patients after Fontan procedure. , 1998, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[26]  J. Womersley.  Oscillatory flow in arteries: the constrained elastic tube as a model of arterial flow and pulse transmission. , 1957, Physics in medicine and biology.

[27]  Thomas J. R. Hughes,et al.  In vivo validation of a one-dimensional finite-element method for predicting blood flow in cardiovascular bypass grafts , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[28]  J. Womersley.  XXIV. Oscillatory motion of a viscous liquid in a thin-walled elastic tube—I: The linear approximation for long waves , 1955 .

[29]  David H. Frakes,et al.  Physics-Driven CFD Modeling of Complex Anatomical Cardiovascular Flows—A TCPC Case Study , 2005, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[30]  R Pietrabissa,et al.  Use of computational fluid dynamics in the design of surgical procedures: application to the study of competitive flows in cavo-pulmonary connections. , 1996, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[31]  Charles A. Taylor,et al.  Fractal network model for simulating abdominal and lower extremity blood flow during resting and exercise conditions , 2007, Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.

[32]  Charles A. Taylor,et al.  Patient-Specific Modeling of Blood Flow and Pressure in Human Coronary Arteries , 2010, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[33]  Charles A. Taylor,et al.  Effects of Exercise and Respiration on Hemodynamic Efficiency in CFD Simulations of the Total Cavopulmonary Connection , 2007, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[34]  A. Yoganathan,et al.  Flow study of an extracardiac connection with persistent left superior vena cava. , 2006, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[35]  A. C. Burton,et al.  Effect on pulmonary vascular resistance of inflation of the rabbit lungs. , 1958, Journal of applied physiology.