TEx-Sys model for building intelligent tutoring systems

Special classes of asynchronous e-learning systems are the intelligent tutoring systems which represent an advanced learning and teaching environment adaptable to individual student's characteristics. Authoring shells have an environment that enables development of the intelligent tutoring systems. In this paper we present, in entirety, for the first time, our approach to research, development and implementation related to intelligent tutoring systems and ITS authoring shells. Our research relies on the traditional intelligent tutoring system, the consideration that teaching is control of learning and principles of good human tutoring in order to develop the Tutor-Expert System model for building intelligent tutoring systems in freely chosen domain knowledge. In this way we can wrap up an ongoing process that has lasted for the previous fifteen years. Prototype tests with the implemented systems have been carried out with students from a primary education to an academic level. Results of those tests are advantageous, according to surveys, and the implemented and deployed software satisfies functionalities and actors' demands.

[1]  Barr and Feigenbaum Edward A. Avron,et al.  The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence , 1981 .

[2]  Jeff Rickel,et al.  Intelligent computer-aided instruction: a survey organized around system components , 1989, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern..

[3]  Jaime R. Carbonell,et al.  AI in CAI : An artificial intelligence approach to computer-assisted instruction , 1970 .

[4]  D. H. Sleeman,et al.  Editorial: Intelligent tutoring systems , 1979 .

[5]  J. Gregory Trafton,et al.  Effective Tutoring Techniques: A Comparison of Human Tutors and Intelligent Tutoring Systems , 1992 .

[6]  Albert T. Corbett,et al.  Intelligent Tutoring Systems , 1985, Science.

[7]  Doug Tidwell,et al.  Programming Web services with SOAP , 2001 .

[8]  Jim E. Greer,et al.  Evaluation Methodologies for Intelligent Tutoring Systems. , 1993 .

[9]  John B. Haney,et al.  Educational communications and technology : an introduction , 1980 .

[10]  Olaf Zimmermann,et al.  Perspectives on Web Services-Applying SOAP, WSDL and UDDIto Real-World Projects , 2013, Comput. J..

[11]  Mark K. Singley,et al.  Deploying Intelligent Tutors on the Web: An Architecture and an Example , 1999 .

[12]  Etienne Wenger,et al.  Artificial Intelligence and Tutoring Systems: Computational and Cognitive Approaches to the Communication of Knowledge , 1987 .

[13]  Chen-Lin C. Kulik,et al.  Educational Outcomes of Tutoring: A Meta-analysis of Findings , 1982 .

[14]  C. Roads,et al.  The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, Volume 1 , 1982 .

[15]  Thomas R. Gruber,et al.  A translation approach to portable ontology specifications , 1993, Knowl. Acquis..

[16]  Stuart C. Shapiro,et al.  Encyclopedia of artificial intelligence, vols. 1 and 2 (2nd ed.) , 1992 .

[17]  Marin Litoiu,et al.  Designing Process Replication and Activation: A Quantitative Approach , 2000, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[18]  Thomas R. Gruber,et al.  A Translation Approach to Portable Ontologies , 1993 .

[19]  Marko Rosić,et al.  Intelligent authoring shell based on Web services , 2004 .

[20]  Tom Murray,et al.  Authoring Tools for Advanced Technology Learning Environments , 2003 .

[21]  R. Sugarman,et al.  `What's new, teacher?' ask the computer , 1978, IEEE Spectrum.

[22]  Martha C. Polson,et al.  Foundations of intelligent tutoring systems , 1988 .

[23]  Heather H. Mitchell,et al.  AutoTutor: A tutor with dialogue in natural language , 2004, Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.

[24]  John A. Self,et al.  Theoretical foundations for intelligent tutoring systems , 1990 .

[25]  Olaf Zimmermann,et al.  Perspectives on Web Services , 2003, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

[26]  John A. Self,et al.  Student Models in Computer-Aided Instruction , 1974, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[27]  Peter Brusilovsky,et al.  ELM-ART: An Intelligent Tutoring System on World Wide Web , 1996, Intelligent Tutoring Systems.

[28]  Jean Underwood,et al.  REDEEM: simple intelligent tutoring systems from usable tools , 2003 .

[29]  Stellan Ohlsson,et al.  Some principles of intelligent tutoring , 1986 .

[30]  B. Skinner Programmed Instruction Revisited. , 1986 .

[31]  Ani Grubišić,et al.  An approach to automatic evaluation of educational influence , 2006 .

[32]  Valerie J. Shute,et al.  Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Past, Present, and Future. , 1994 .

[33]  Tom Murray,et al.  Authoring Intelligent Tutoring Systems: An analysis of the state of the art , 1999 .

[34]  Antonija Mitrovic,et al.  An Intelligent SQL Tutor on the Web , 2003, Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ..

[35]  Harold F. O'Neil,et al.  Technology Applications in Education: A Learning View , 2002 .

[36]  B. Bloom The 2 Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring , 1984 .

[37]  Hugh L. Burns,et al.  Foundations of intelligent tutoring systems : an introduction , 1988 .

[38]  J. R. Hartley,et al.  Towards more intelligent teaching systems , 1973 .

[39]  J. Michael Spector,et al.  Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology, 3rd Edition , 2012 .

[40]  Beverly Park Woolf,et al.  Student Modeling , 2010, Advances in Intelligent Tutoring Systems.

[41]  D. C. Merrill,et al.  Tutoring: Guided Learning by Doing , 1995 .

[42]  Lakhmi C. Jain,et al.  An introduction to intelligent systems , 1997 .