A study of the weathering of the bukit timah granite part a: Review, field observations and geophysical survey

The Bukit Timah granite exhibits a full range of weathering grades. Examination of these exposures shows that the weathering has been rapid. Field observations and geophysical surveys show that the rock has been weathered up to 70 meters depth, and that the main mechanisms of weathering is chemical decomposition. The humid tropical condition in Singapore with high annual precipitation has produced secondary weathering of the residual soil. The weathering profiles suggest that the weathering of the Bukit Timah granite is stratified with weathered layers and a sharp boundary between the residual soil and the slightly to moderately weathered granite.This paper (Part A) is a review of current weathering classification systems for weathered rock. Some results from field observations and geophysical surveys are also presented in the paper. A weathering classification and determination method is proposed for the Bukit Timah granite. Results from field and laboratory investigations of the weathering of the granite and material properties will be presented in Part B.RésuméLe granite de Bukit Timah présente toute une gamme d'états d'altération. L'examen montre que l'altération a été rapide. Les observations sur le terrain et les études géophysiques montrent que la roche a été altérée jusqu'à 70 mètres de profondeur, le principal mécanisme de l'atération ayan été la décomposition chimique. Les conditions tropicales humides de Singapour avec une pluviométrie très forte ont produit une altération secondaire du sol résiduel. Les profils d'altération suggèrent que l'altération du granite de Bukit Timah est stratifiée avec, des niveaux altérés et une limite brutale entre le sol résiduel et le granite légèrement ou modérément altéré.Cet article (1re partie) présente d'abord, une bibliographie des différents systèmes de classification des roches altérées. Ensuite sont présentés des résultats des observations de terrain et des études géophysiques. Une classification en termes d'altération est proposée. Les résultats des études détaillées de terrain et de laboratoire sur les facies altérés du granite et leurs propriétés seront présentés dans une seconde partie.

[1]  T. Saito Variation of Physical Properties of Igneous Rocks In Weathering , 1981 .

[2]  R. Forth,et al.  Methods of Investigation of Weathered Rocks In Hong Kong , 1981 .

[3]  M. Wilson CHEMICAL WEATHERING OF SOME PRIMARY ROCK‐FORMING MINERALS , 1975 .

[4]  J. Pitts A review of geology and engineering geology in Singapore , 1984, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology.

[6]  W. R. Dearman,et al.  Engineering classification and index properties of a weathered granite , 1978 .

[7]  D. Cawsey,et al.  A review of experimental weathering of basic igneous rocks , 1983, Geological Society, London, Special Publications.

[8]  P. G. Fookes,et al.  A REVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF ROCK WEATHERING AND CLIMATE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO FOUNDATION ENGINEERING , 1970 .

[9]  M. H. de Freitas,et al.  A revision of the description and classification of weathered granite and its application to granites in Korea , 1989, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology.

[10]  R. Stallard WEATHERING AND EROSION IN THE HUMID TROPICS , 1988 .

[11]  M. Thomas Tropical Geomorphology a Study of Weathering and Landform Development in Warm Climates , 1974 .

[12]  W. R. Dearman,et al.  The relationship between the microfabric and the engineering properties of weathered granite , 1978 .

[13]  W. R. Dearman,et al.  Scanning electron microscope studies of weathered rocks: A review of nomenclature and methods , 1978 .

[14]  W. R. Dearman Weathering classification in the characterisation of rock for engineering purposes in British practice , 1974 .

[15]  Louis C. Peltier,et al.  The Geographic Cycle in Periglacial Regions as it is Related to Climatic Geomorphology , 1950 .

[16]  Jian. Zhao,et al.  Mechanical and physical properties of the weathered Bukit Timah granite in Singapore , 1993 .

[17]  W. R. Dearman,et al.  The microfabric of a chemically weathered granite , 1978 .

[18]  W. R. Dearman,et al.  Practical assessment of grade in a weathered granite , 1978 .

[19]  W. R. Dearman,et al.  Some engineering aspects of rock weathering with field examples from Dartmoor and elsewhere , 1971, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology.

[20]  W. R. Dearman,et al.  The engineering petrography of a weathered granite in Cornwall, England , 1978, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology.