A cross-validation of the biphasic poroviscoelastic model of articular cartilage in unconfined compression, indentation, and confined compression.

The biphasic poroviscoelastic (BPVE) model was curve fit to the simultaneous relaxation of reaction force and lateral displacement exhibited by articular cartilage in unconfined compression (n=18). Model predictions were also made for the relaxation observed in reaction force during indentation with a porous plane-ended metal indenter (n=4), indentation with a nonporous plane ended metal indenter (n=4), and during confined compression (n=4). Each prediction was made using material parameters resulting from curve fits of the unconfined compression response of the same tissue. The BPVE model was able to account for both the reaction force and the lateral displacement during unconfined compression very well. Furthermore, model predictions for both indentation and confined compression also followed the experimental data well. These results provide substantial evidence for the efficacy of the biphasic poroviscoelastic model for articular cartilage, as no successful cross-validation of a model simulation has been demonstrated using other mathematical models.

[1]  V C Mow,et al.  The biphasic poroviscoelastic behavior of articular cartilage: role of the surface zone in governing the compressive behavior. , 1993, Journal of biomechanics.

[2]  J S Jurvelin,et al.  Volumetric changes of articular cartilage during stress relaxation in unconfined compression. , 2000, Journal of biomechanics.

[3]  W C Hayes,et al.  Flow-independent viscoelastic properties of articular cartilage matrix. , 1978, Journal of biomechanics.

[4]  R. Spilker,et al.  Indentation analysis of biphasic articular cartilage: nonlinear phenomena under finite deformation. , 1994, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[5]  Rainer Storn,et al.  Differential Evolution – A Simple and Efficient Heuristic for global Optimization over Continuous Spaces , 1997, J. Glob. Optim..

[6]  T D Brown,et al.  Experimental determination of the linear biphasic constitutive coefficients of human fetal proximal femoral chondroepiphysis. , 1986, Journal of biomechanics.

[7]  W M Lai,et al.  A finite deformation theory for cartilage and other soft hydrated connective tissues--I. Equilibrium results. , 1990, Journal of biomechanics.

[8]  M. Freeman,et al.  The determination of a creep modulus for articular cartilage from indentation tests of the human femoral head. , 1971, Journal of biomechanics.

[9]  W M Lai,et al.  An analysis of the unconfined compression of articular cartilage. , 1984, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[10]  E B Hunziker,et al.  Optical and mechanical determination of Poisson's ratio of adult bovine humeral articular cartilage. , 1997, Journal of biomechanics.

[11]  J S Jurvelin,et al.  Biphasic poroviscoelastic simulation of the unconfined compression of articular cartilage: I--Simultaneous prediction of reaction force and lateral displacement. , 2001, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[12]  E B Hunziker,et al.  Confined compression of articular cartilage: linearity in ramp and sinusoidal tests and the importance of interdigitation and incomplete confinement. , 1997, Journal of biomechanics.

[13]  V. Mow,et al.  Biphasic creep and stress relaxation of articular cartilage in compression? Theory and experiments. , 1980, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[14]  J. Suh,et al.  Biphasic Poroviscoelastic Behavior of Hydrated Biological Soft Tissue , 1999 .

[15]  J. Suh,et al.  Finite element formulation of biphasic poroviscoelastic model for articular cartilage. , 1998, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[16]  A F Mak,et al.  The apparent viscoelastic behavior of articular cartilage--the contributions from the intrinsic matrix viscoelasticity and interstitial fluid flows. , 1986, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[17]  D Stamenović,et al.  Confined and unconfined stress relaxation of cartilage: appropriateness of a transversely isotropic analysis. , 1999, Journal of biomechanics.

[18]  J. Suh,et al.  Biphasic poroviscoelastic simulation of the unconfined compression of articular cartilage: II--Effect of variable strain rates. , 2001, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[19]  W M Lai,et al.  Biphasic indentation of articular cartilage--II. A numerical algorithm and an experimental study. , 1989, Journal of biomechanics.

[20]  Robert L. Spilker,et al.  Formulation and evaluation of a finite element model for the biphasic model of hydrated soft tissues , 1990 .