From grains to powders: From single particle contact mechanics measurements to bulk powder properties

Methods based on atomic force microscopy have been used to measure adhesion and sliding and rolling friction for single micron-sized particles. Model systems with low surface roughness (silica and gold particles) as well as technical products (carbonyl iron powder (CIP) particles) with less defined surface properties were used. For the model substances no significant dependence of adhesion on load was observed. For the CIP particles, plastic deformation was observed at higher loads. Comparison of the microscopic material parameters obtained for the CIP particles showed good agreement with the corresponding values obtained from Jenike shear cell experiments; this is especially true for the maximal attractive (cohesive) force. Computer simulations indicate that the macroscopic cohesion is primarily correlated to this (microscopic) maximal attractive force.

[1]  K. Kendall,et al.  Surface energy and the contact of elastic solids , 1971, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[2]  Butt,et al.  Measuring the Contact Angle of Individual Colloidal Particles. , 1998, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[3]  Stefan Luding,et al.  Shear flow modeling of cohesive and frictional fine powder , 2005 .

[5]  M. Radmacher,et al.  Mapping interaction forces with the atomic force microscope. , 1994, Biophysical Journal.

[6]  Stefan Luding,et al.  Anisotropic Material Behavior in Dense, Cohesive‐Frictional Powders , 2003 .

[7]  M. B. James,et al.  Adhesion and friction between powders and polymer or aluminium surfaces determined by a centrifuge technique , 1995 .

[8]  H. Butt,et al.  Measuring electrostatic, van der Waals, and hydration forces in electrolyte solutions with an atomic force microscope. , 1991, Biophysical journal.

[9]  Hans-Jürgen Butt,et al.  Adhesion and Friction Forces between Spherical Micrometer-Sized Particles , 1999 .

[10]  Jürgen Tomas,et al.  Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Cohesive Particulate Solids. Part 1: Particle Contact Constitutive Model , 2001 .

[11]  David Tabor,et al.  The measurement of van der Waals dispersion forces in the range 1.5 to 130 nm , 1972, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[12]  Richard M. Pashley,et al.  Direct measurement of colloidal forces using an atomic force microscope , 1991, Nature.

[13]  B. V. Derjaguin,et al.  Effect of contact deformations on the adhesion of particles , 1975 .

[14]  R. Larsen.  The adhesion and removal of particles attached to air filter surfaces. , 1958, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.

[15]  Gerber,et al.  Atomic Force Microscope , 2020, Definitions.

[16]  W F Heinz,et al.  Relative microelastic mapping of living cells by atomic force microscopy. , 1998, Biophysical journal.

[17]  D. Tabor,et al.  Surface Forces: Direct Measurement of Normal and Retarded van der Waals Forces , 1968, Nature.