A review of torrefaction for bioenergy feedstock production

The torrefaction of biomass is a thermochemical decomposition process in which hemicellulose degradation is the dominant reaction, with the cellulose and lignin fractions largely unaffected. The primary product is a solid material that retains 75–95% of the original energy content. Properties of the torrefied solid include improved grindability, hydrophobicity, and energy density. Torrefied biomass has been processed successfully in batch‐mode and continuous process devices; net thermal efficiencies of the process as high as 90% have been reported. Torrefied biomass has been proposed as a feedstock for coal co‐combustion, as well as for gasification‐combustion and Fischer‐Tropsch fuel production. Analyses of supply chain impacts indicate that, in some scenarios, torrefaction can be the lowest cost and most energy efficient option for supplying fuel, especially when combined with pelletization of the material.

[1]  T. G. Bridgeman,et al.  An investigation of the grindability of two torrefied energy crops , 2010 .

[2]  P. Perré,et al.  Alterations in energy properties of eucalyptus wood and bark subjected to torrefaction: the potential of mass loss as a synthetic indicator. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[3]  René Guyonnet,et al.  Energy requirement for fine grinding of torrefied wood , 2010 .

[4]  Wei Hsin Chen,et al.  A study on torrefaction of various biomass materials and its impact on lignocellulosic structure simulated by a thermogravimetry , 2010 .

[5]  R. Guyonnet,et al.  Modelling anhydrous weight loss of wood chips during torrefaction in a pilot kiln. , 2010 .

[6]  Animesh Dutta,et al.  Torrefaction of Agriculture Residue To Enhance Combustible Properties , 2010 .

[7]  Jason Hastings,et al.  Mass and Energy Balances of Wet Torrefaction of Lignocellulosic Biomass , 2010 .

[8]  S. Salvador,et al.  Impact of torrefaction on syngas production from wood , 2009 .

[9]  Zulfan Adi Putra,et al.  Techno‐economic assessment of biomass pre‐conversion processes as a part of biomass‐to‐liquids line‐up , 2009 .

[10]  Jian Deng,et al.  Pretreatment of agricultural residues for co-gasification via torrefaction , 2009 .

[11]  S. Sadaka,et al.  Improvements of biomass physical and thermochemical characteristics via torrefaction process , 2009 .

[12]  Changkook Ryu,et al.  Effect of process parameters on pelletisation of herbaceous crops , 2009 .

[13]  Jiří Martinec,et al.  Pretreatment and feeding of biomass for pressurized entrained flow gasification , 2009 .

[14]  W.P.M. van Swaaij,et al.  Hydrothermal Conversion of Biomass: I, Glucose Conversion in Hot Compressed Water , 2009 .

[15]  Y. Matsumura,et al.  Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Rubber Wood for the Saccharification Process , 2009 .

[16]  Y. F. Huang,et al.  Total recovery of resources and energy from rice straw using microwave-induced pyrolysis. , 2008, Bioresource technology.

[17]  André Faaij,et al.  Pre-treatment technologies, and their effect on international bioenergy supply chain logistics. Techno-economic evaluation of torrefaction, fast pyrolysis and pelletisation , 2008 .

[18]  Jenny M. Jones,et al.  Torrefaction of reed canary grass, wheat straw and willow to enhance solid fuel qualities and combustion properties , 2008 .

[19]  J. J. Pis,et al.  Influence of torrefaction on the grindability and reactivity of woody biomass , 2008 .

[20]  Kj Krzysztof Ptasinski,et al.  More efficient biomass gasification via torrefaction , 2006 .

[21]  R.W.R. Zwart,et al.  The Impact of Biomass Pretreatment on the Feasibility of Overseas Biomass Conversion to Fischer-Tropsch Products , 2006 .

[22]  Kj Krzysztof Ptasinski,et al.  Torrefaction of wood: Part 2. Analysis of products , 2006 .

[23]  Kj Krzysztof Ptasinski,et al.  Torrefaction of wood: Part 1. Weight loss kinetics , 2006 .

[24]  Carlos Alberto Luengo,et al.  Wood briquette torrefaction , 2005 .

[25]  Bruce E. Waymack,et al.  Pyrolysis behavior and kinetics of biomass derived materials , 2002 .

[26]  A. Sakoda,et al.  Measurement of the hydrothermal reaction rate of cellulose using novel liquid-phase thermogravimetry , 2000 .

[27]  Andreas Zemann,et al.  Fractionation of sugar cane with hot, compressed, liquid water , 1996 .

[28]  A E Humphrey,et al.  Energy requirements for the size reduction of poplar and aspen wood , 1989, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[29]  J. Bourgois,et al.  Characterization and analysis of torrefied wood , 1988, Wood Science and Technology.

[30]  M. Ramiah,et al.  Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin , 1970 .

[31]  M. Darr,et al.  Effect of Torrefaction Process Parameters on Biomass Feedstock Upgrading , 2010 .

[32]  T. O. Rodrigues,et al.  EFFECTS OF TORREFACTION ON ENERGY PROPERTIES OF Eucalyptus grandis WOOD , 2009 .

[33]  H. Gerhauser,et al.  BO2-technology for biomass upgrading into solid fuel - pilot-scale testing and market implementation , 2008 .

[34]  H. S. Mukunda,et al.  Torrefaction of bamboo , 2007 .

[35]  C. Kirubi,et al.  Energy for Sustainable Development , 2006 .

[36]  P.C.A. Bergman,et al.  Torrefaction for biomass co-firing in existing coal-fired power stations BIOCOAL , 2005 .

[37]  J. Kiel,et al.  Torrefaction for biomass upgrading , 2005 .

[38]  Kj Krzysztof Ptasinski,et al.  Torrefaction for entrained-flow gasification of biomass , 2004 .

[39]  D. Nicholls,et al.  Use of wood energy for lumber drying and community heating in southeast Alaska , 2004 .

[40]  J. Encinar,et al.  Pyrolysis of two agricultural residues: Olive and grape bagasse. Influence of particle size and temperature , 1996 .

[41]  J. Tschernitz,et al.  Time, costs, and energy consumption for drying red oak lumber as affected by thickness and thickness variation. , 1980 .

[42]  P. Bergman.  The TOP process , 2022 .