Cone Penetration in Very Weakly Cemented Sand

Researchers investigate cone penetration testing in very weakly cemented sands with unconfined compressive strengths of 60 kPa or less in a calibration chamber. Monterey 0/30 sand is artificially cemented with 1 percent and 2 percent portland cement. A miniature electric cone penetrometer that gives a diameter ratio of 42 is employed in the chamber. Boundary conditions with zero lateral volumetric strains and a constant vertical stress are used. Both tip resistance and the sleeve friction increase with cementation. The friction ratio is indifferent to the increase in cementation at very weak cementation levels and vertical effective stresses of 50 to 300 kPa. Tip-resistance values at vertical effective stresses of less than 100 kPa increase over two times and over four times the uncemented values at peak cohesion intercepts of 10 kPa and 30 kPa, respectively. Before the effect of confinement overshadows the influence of any weak cementation, tip resistance at a vertical stress of 300 kPa can still be 15 to 25 percent and 40 to 45 percent more than the uncemented values at peak cohesion intercepts of 10 kPa and 30 kPa, respectively.

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