The Mechanical Properties of Endovascular Stents: An In Vitro Assessment

Endovascular stents are commonly used to manage arterial diseases such as Aortic Abdominal Aneurysm (AAA), aortic dissection and coarctation. The radial force the stent applies to the vessel must be large enough to resist stent migration, but not so large that the mechanical stimulus initiates adverse vessel remodeling. We employed two approaches to characterize the radial force of Gianturco stents: first, by applying an external pressure to the stent and, second, by measuring the force exerted by the stent when deployed. From the second approach, we determined the force exerted at various area reductions that correspond to clinically relevant diameter oversizings. In this study, stent stiffness was determined from the force-area reduction curves. Comparing similar stents of various diameters revealed that smaller diameter stent had greater radial force and stiffness than larger diameter stents. Comparing similar stents of various lengths revealed that stents with longer lengths (and greater number of wires) has greater force and stiffness. Overlapping two stents increased the force and stiffness to values greater than the sum of those parameters for the individual stents. These data may have important clinical implications for understanding the effect of oversized and overlapped stents on vessel mechanics.