论文信息 - Instantaneous Frequency, Mean Frequency, and Variance of Mean Frequency Estimators for Ultrasonic Blood Velocity Doppler Signals

Instantaneous Frequency, Mean Frequency, and Variance of Mean Frequency Estimators for Ultrasonic Blood Velocity Doppler Signals

The relationship between the instantaneous frequency and the mean frequency of ultrasonic Doppler signals in blood velocity measurements is discussed. The probability distribution density for the instantaneous frequency is calculated. The time interval histogram (TIH), which has been used to characterize the Doppler signal, is found to be an approximation of this probability density. The probability density will also describe the output of phase-lock loop analysis of the Doppler signal. The variance of mean frequency estimators is calculated, and the implication of this for practical estimators is discussed. The effect of hard limiting of the signal on the estimator performance is also discussed.

B. Angelsen

[1] John L. Brown,et al. On a cross-correlation property for stationary random processes , 1957, IRE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[2] Robert F. Pawula. Analysis of an estimator of the center frequency of a power spectrum , 1968, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[3] R S Reneman,et al. In vivo comparison of electromagnetic and Doppler flowmeters: with special attention to the processing of the analogue Doppler flow signal. , 1973, Cardiovascular research.

[4] B. Angelsen,et al. Transcutaneous measurement of blood flow velocity in the human aorta. , 1976, Cardiovascular research.

[5] V. C. Roberts,et al. Phase-locked loop techniques applied to ultrasonic Doppler signal processing. , 1976, Ultrasonics.

[6] D W Baker,et al. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography: principles and applications. , 1977, The American journal of medicine.

[7] B. Angelsen,et al. Diagnosis of valvular heart disease using transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound. , 1977, Cardiovascular research.

[8] Spectral Estimation of a Narrow-Band Gaussian Process from the Distribution of the Distance Between Adjacent Zeros , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[9] Bjorn A. J. Angelsen,et al. A Theoretical Study of the Scattering of Ultrasound from Blood , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[10] C. Burckhardt,et al. Comparison between spectrum and time interval histogram of ultrasound Doppler signals. , 1981, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.