Dependability Assessment and Software Life Cycle

This introductory chapter describes the need, importance, and benefits of assessing dependability of software systems. It also establishes the approach followed in the book for dependability assessment.

[1]  Jan Jürjens,et al.  Developing Safety-Critical Systems with UML , 2003, UML.

[2]  David D. Clark,et al.  A Comparison of Commercial and Military Computer Security Policies , 1987, 1987 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy.

[3]  Douglas C. Schmidt,et al.  Guest Editor's Introduction: Model-Driven Engineering , 2006, Computer.

[4]  Nancy G. Leveson,et al.  Safeware: System Safety and Computers , 1995 .

[5]  Bran Selic,et al.  The Pragmatics of Model-Driven Development , 2003, IEEE Softw..

[6]  Wolfgang Reisig,et al.  Application and Theory of Petri Nets , 1982, Informatik-Fachberichte.

[7]  Nawel Gharbi,et al.  An algorithmic approach for analysis of finite-source retrial systems with unreliable servers , 2011, Comput. Math. Appl..

[8]  R. Kretschmann,et al.  INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION TECHNICAL COMMITTEE No. 65B: INDUSTRIAL-PROCESS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL WORKING GROUP 7/TASK FORCE 3: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES FOR PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS (IEC 61131-3, -8) MINUTES OF MEETING , 2007 .

[9]  Kishor S. Trivedi,et al.  A BDD-based algorithm for reliability analysis of phased-mission systems , 1999 .

[10]  Cliff B. Jones,et al.  Methods, Models and Tools for Fault Tolerance , 2009, Methods, Models and Tools for Fault Tolerance.

[11]  Jing Liu,et al.  Safety analysis of software product lines using state-based modeling , 2007, J. Syst. Softw..

[12]  Peter Fettke,et al.  Business Process Modeling Notation , 2008, Wirtschaftsinf..

[13]  Simona Bernardi,et al.  Timing-Failure Risk Assessment of UML Design Using Time Petri Net Bound Techniques , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[14]  Susanna Donatelli,et al.  Implementing compositionality for stochastic Petri nets , 2001, International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer.

[15]  Carlo Ghezzi,et al.  TRIO: A logic language for executable specifications of real-time systems , 1990, J. Syst. Softw..

[16]  Simona Bernardi,et al.  QoS assessment via stochastic analysis , 2006, IEEE Internet Computing.

[17]  Peter H. Feiler,et al.  The Architecture Analysis & Design Language (AADL): An Introduction , 2006 .

[18]  Simona Bernardi,et al.  Dependability analysis of DES based on MARTE and UML state machines models , 2012, Discret. Event Dyn. Syst..

[19]  Wolfgang A. Halang,et al.  A UML Profile to Model Safety-Critical Embedded Real-Time Control Systems , 2007, Contributions to Ubiquitous Computing.

[20]  Giuliana Franceschinis,et al.  Sequential application of heterogeneous models for the safetyanalysis of a control system: a case study , 2003, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf..

[21]  Vincenzo Grassi,et al.  From design to analysis models: a kernel language for performance and reliability analysis of component-based systems , 2005, WOSP '05.

[22]  Raffaela Mirandola,et al.  Deriving a queueing network based performance model from UML diagrams , 2000, WOSP '00.

[23]  Diego Latella,et al.  Dependability analysis in the early phases of UML-based system design , 2001, Comput. Syst. Sci. Eng..

[24]  Vincenzo Grassi,et al.  Filling the gap between design and performance/reliability models of component-based systems: A model-driven approach , 2007, J. Syst. Softw..

[25]  Nancy G. Leveson,et al.  Safety Analysis Using Petri Nets , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[26]  Karama Kanoun,et al.  A System Dependability Modeling Framework Using AADL and GSPNs , 2006, WADS.

[27]  Paola Inverardi,et al.  Model-based performance prediction in software development: a survey , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[28]  Premkumar T. Devanbu,et al.  Software engineering for security: a roadmap , 2000, ICSE '00.

[29]  R. Bell,et al.  IEC 61508: functional safety of electrical/electronic/ programme electronic safety-related systems: overview , 1999 .

[30]  Paolo Bocciarelli,et al.  A model-driven method for describing and predicting the reliability of composite services , 2011, Software & Systems Modeling.

[31]  John A. McDermid,et al.  Integrating safety and formal analyses using UML and PFS , 2007, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf..

[32]  Stefano Marrone,et al.  Model-Driven Availability Evaluation of Railway Control Systems , 2011, SAFECOMP.

[33]  Joost-Pieter Katoen,et al.  Safety, Dependability and Performance Analysis of Extended AADL Models , 2011, Comput. J..

[34]  Susanna Donatelli,et al.  A class Diagram framework for collecting dependability requirements in automation systems , 2004, ISoLA.

[35]  Andrea Bondavalli,et al.  Stochastic Dependability Analysis of System Architecture Based on UML Models , 2002, WADS.

[36]  James Martin,et al.  Object-oriented methods : a foundation , 1995 .

[37]  Roy Billinton,et al.  Reliability evaluation of engineering systems : concepts and techniques , 1992 .

[38]  John F. Meyer,et al.  On Evaluating the Performability of Degradable Computing Systems , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[39]  Luciano Lavagno,et al.  Uml for Real: Design Of Embedded Real-Time Systems , 2010 .

[40]  Jonathan Billington,et al.  8.3.1 A New Graphical Systems Engineering International Standard: ISO/IEC 15909 for High‐level Petri Nets , 2001 .

[41]  Barry W. Johnson Design & analysis of fault tolerant digital systems , 1988 .

[42]  Vincenzo Grassi,et al.  A Modeling Approach to Analyze the Impact of Error Propagation on Reliability of Component-Based Systems , 2007, CBSE.

[43]  David Hutchison,et al.  Resilience and survivability in communication networks: Strategies, principles, and survey of disciplines , 2010, Comput. Networks.

[44]  Kishor S. Trivedi,et al.  Performance And Reliability Analysis Of Computer Systems (an Example-based Approach Using The Sharpe Software , 1997, IEEE Transactions on Reliability.

[45]  John E. Hosford Measures of Dependability , 1960 .

[46]  Kishor S. Trivedi,et al.  Stochastic Modeling Formalisms for Dependability, Performance and Performability , 2000, Performance Evaluation.

[47]  Jean Arlat,et al.  SURF-2: A program for dependability evaluation of complex hardware and software systems , 1993, FTCS-23 The Twenty-Third International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing.

[48]  William H. Sanders,et al.  Stochastic Activity Networks: Formal Definitions and Concepts , 2002, European Educational Forum: School on Formal Methods and Performance Analysis.

[49]  Jan Jürjens,et al.  Component-Based Development of Dependable Systems with UML , 2005, Component-Based Software Development for Embedded Systems.

[50]  Lars Harms-Ringdahl Hazard and operability studies , 2001 .

[51]  David S. Rosenblum,et al.  Reliability prediction in model-driven development , 2005, MoDELS'05.

[52]  William H. Sanders,et al.  Model-based evaluation: from dependability to security , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing.

[53]  Hany H. Ammar,et al.  Architectural-Level Risk Analysis Using UML , 2003, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[54]  Marco Ajmone Marsan,et al.  Modelling with Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets , 1995, PERV.

[55]  Mario Dal Cin Extending UML towards a Useful OO-Language for Modeling Dependability Features , 2003, 2003 The Ninth IEEE International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems.

[56]  Peter J. Denning,et al.  The Operational Analysis of Queueing Network Models , 1978, CSUR.

[57]  Elaine J. Weyuker,et al.  On Testing Non-Testable Programs , 1982, Comput. J..

[58]  Kishor S. Trivedi,et al.  Extended Stochastic Petri Nets: Applications and Analysis , 1984, Performance.

[59]  Pierre David,et al.  Improving reliability studies with SysML , 2009, 2009 Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium.

[60]  V. Kulkarni Modeling and Analysis of Stochastic Systems , 1996 .

[61]  K J Biba,et al.  Integrity Considerations for Secure Computer Systems , 1977 .

[62]  Rogério de Lemos,et al.  Architecting dependable systems , 2003, J. Syst. Softw..

[63]  Bev Littlewood,et al.  Validation of ultrahigh dependability for software-based systems , 1993, CACM.

[64]  Dionisio de Niz Diagrams and Languages for Model-Based Software Engineering of Embedded Systems: UML and AADL , 2002 .

[65]  Wolfgang A. Halang,et al.  Contributions to Ubiquitous Computing (Studies in Computational Intelligence) , 2007 .

[66]  Joanne Bechta Dugan,et al.  Automatic synthesis of dynamic fault trees from UML system models , 2002, 13th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, 2002. Proceedings..

[67]  Karama Kanoun,et al.  The ADAPT Tool: From AADL Architectural Models to Stochastic Petri Nets through Model Transformation , 2008, 2008 Seventh European Dependable Computing Conference.

[68]  Inderpal S. Bhandari,et al.  Orthogonal Defect Classification - A Concept for In-Process Measurements , 1992, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[69]  Simona Bernardi,et al.  Dependability modeling and analysis of software systems specified with UML , 2012, CSUR.

[70]  Simona Bernardi,et al.  A dependability profile within MARTE , 2011, Software & Systems Modeling.

[71]  Andrea Bondavalli,et al.  Dependability modeling and evaluation of multiple-phased systems using DEEM , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Reliability.

[72]  Mario Piattini,et al.  Building measure-based prediction models for UML class diagram maintainability , 2007, Empirical Software Engineering.

[73]  Antonio Puliafito,et al.  Concurrent Generalized Petri Nets , 1995 .

[74]  David Powell Failure mode assumptions and assumption coverage , 1992 .

[75]  Valérie Issarny,et al.  Model-Driven Dependability Analysis of WebServices , 2004, CoopIS/DOA/ODBASE.

[76]  Algirdas Avizienis,et al.  The N-Version Approach to Fault-Tolerant Software , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[77]  Thomas Lambolais,et al.  Automatic Generation of Simulation Models for the Evaluation of Performance and Reliability of Architectures Specified in UML , 2000, EDO.

[78]  Gregory Zoughbi,et al.  A UML profile for developing airworthiness-compliant (RTCA DO-178B), safety-critical software , 2007, MODELS'07.

[79]  M. Diaz,et al.  Modeling and Verification of Time Dependent Systems Using Time Petri Nets , 1991, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[80]  Giovanni Chiola,et al.  Stochastic Well-Formed Colored Nets and Symmetric Modeling Applications , 1993, IEEE Trans. Computers.

[81]  Bojan Cukic,et al.  A Bayesian approach to reliability prediction and assessment of component based systems , 2001, Proceedings 12th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering.

[82]  Stefano Marrone,et al.  Enabling the usage of UML in the verification of railway systems: The DAM-rail approach , 2013, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf..

[83]  Mario Piattini,et al.  Building UML class diagram maintainability prediction models based on early metrics , 2003, Proceedings. 5th International Workshop on Enterprise Networking and Computing in Healthcare Industry (IEEE Cat. No.03EX717).

[84]  H. D. Miller,et al.  The Theory Of Stochastic Processes , 1977, The Mathematical Gazette.

[85]  Joanne Bechta Dugan,et al.  DIFtree: a software package for the analysis of dynamic fault tree models , 1997, Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium.

[86]  S. Scheer,et al.  ASTRA: An Integrated Tool Set for Complex Systems Dependability Studies , 1998, Tool Support for System Specification, Development and Verification.

[87]  Edmundo de Souza e Silva,et al.  Calculating availability and performability measures of repairable computer systems using randomization , 1989, JACM.

[88]  Kishor S. Trivedi,et al.  Performance and Reliability Analysis of Computer Systems , 1996, Springer US.

[89]  Dániel Varró,et al.  VIATRA - visual automated transformations for formal verification and validation of UML models , 2002, Proceedings 17th IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering,.

[90]  Athanasios Papoulis,et al.  Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes , 1965 .

[91]  Kishor S. Trivedi SHARPE 2002: Symbolic Hierarchical Automated Reliability and Performance Evaluator , 2002, Proceedings International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks.

[92]  Iulian Ober,et al.  Validating timed UML models by simulation and verification , 2006, International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer.

[93]  Manuel Silva Suárez,et al.  Structural techniques and performance bounds of stochastic Petri net models , 1992, Advances in Petri Nets: The DEMON Project.

[94]  William E. Lorensen,et al.  Object-Oriented Modeling and Design , 1991, TOOLS.

[95]  Kishor S. Trivedi Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing, and Computer Science Applications , 1984 .

[96]  Frédéric Jouault,et al.  Transforming Models with ATL , 2005, MoDELS.

[97]  Kishor S. Trivedi,et al.  A survey of efficient reliability computation using disjoint products approach , 1995, Networks.

[98]  Salvatore J. Bavuso,et al.  Dynamic fault-tree models for fault-tolerant computer systems , 1992 .

[99]  Kishor S. Trivedi,et al.  Reliability Modeling Using SHARPE , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Reliability.

[100]  Jacky Montmain,et al.  UML models for dependability analysis of real-time systems , 2004, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37583).

[101]  Armin Zimmermann Modeling and evaluation of stochastic Petri nets with TimeNET 4.1 , 2012, 6th International ICST Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools.

[102]  William H. Sanders,et al.  The Mobius modeling tool , 2001, Proceedings 9th International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models.

[103]  Algirdas Avizienis,et al.  Design of fault-tolerant computers , 1967, AFIPS '67 (Fall).

[104]  Tong Liu,et al.  Availability prediction and modeling of high mobility OSCAR cluster , 2003, 2003 Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing.

[105]  Guiseppe Mauri,et al.  Integrating safety analysis techniques, supporting identification of common cause failures , 2000 .

[106]  Susanna Donatelli,et al.  Towards a Methodological Approach to Specification and Analysis of Dependable Automation Systems , 2004, FORMATS/FTRTFT.

[107]  Sébastien Gérard,et al.  Improving uml profile design practices by leveraging conceptual domain models , 2007, ASE.

[108]  Souheib Baarir,et al.  The GreatSPN tool: recent enhancements , 2009, PERV.

[109]  Tim Kelly,et al.  Deriving safety requirements using scenarios , 2001, Proceedings Fifth IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering.

[110]  Forrest Shull,et al.  Using the ISO/IEC 9126 product quality model to classify defects: A controlled experiment , 2012, EASE.

[111]  Hany H. Ammar,et al.  A scenario-based reliability analysis approach for component-based software , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Reliability.

[112]  Jörg Kienzle,et al.  Model-driven assessment of system dependability , 2008, Software & Systems Modeling.

[113]  Paolo Bocciarelli,et al.  A BPMN extension for modeling non functional properties of business processes , 2011, SpringSim.

[114]  Thomas F. Arnold,et al.  The Concept of Coverage and Its Effect on the Reliability Model of a Repairable System , 1973, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[115]  Jacky Montmain,et al.  Methodology for UML Modeling and Formal Verification of Real-Time Systems , 2006, 2006 International Conference on Computational Inteligence for Modelling Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents Web Technologies and International Commerce (CIMCA'06).

[116]  David Coppit,et al.  The Galileo fault tree analysis tool , 1999, Digest of Papers. Twenty-Ninth Annual International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing (Cat. No.99CB36352).

[117]  K. Goseva-Popstojanova,et al.  UML based severity analysis methodology , 2005, Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 2005. Proceedings..

[118]  Marco Ajmone Marsan,et al.  On Petri nets with deterministic and exponentially distributed firing times , 1986, European Workshop on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets.

[119]  Antoine Rauzy,et al.  New algorithms for fault trees analysis , 1993 .

[120]  Francisco Curbera,et al.  Web Services Business Process Execution Language Version 2.0 , 2007 .

[121]  Bran Selic,et al.  A Systematic Approach to Domain-Specific Language Design Using UML , 2007, 10th IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC'07).

[122]  Carl E. Landwehr,et al.  Basic concepts and taxonomy of dependable and secure computing , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing.

[123]  Raymond A. Marie,et al.  Performability Modelling : Techniques and Tools , 2001 .

[124]  Arie van Deursen,et al.  Visualisation of Domain-Specific Modelling Languages Using UML , 2007, 14th Annual IEEE International Conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS'07).

[125]  Barry W. Boehm,et al.  Verifying and Validating Software Requirements and Design Specifications , 1989, IEEE Software.

[126]  Jan Torin,et al.  Hazard analysis in object oriented design of dependable systems , 2001, 2001 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks.

[127]  David Harel,et al.  Statecharts: A Visual Formalism for Complex Systems , 1987, Sci. Comput. Program..

[128]  Hoon Choi,et al.  Markov Regenerative Stochastic Petri Nets , 1994, Perform. Evaluation.

[129]  Kishor S. Trivedi,et al.  Modeling Using Stochastic Reward Nets , 1993, MASCOTS.

[130]  Michael R. Lyu Software Fault Tolerance , 1995 .

[131]  M. Evans Statistical Distributions , 2000 .

[132]  Rudolph Frederick Stapelberg,et al.  Handbook of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety in Engineering Design , 2009 .

[133]  Sébastien Gérard,et al.  SOPHIA: a Modeling Language for Model-Based Safety Engineering , 2009, ACES-MB@MoDELS.

[134]  Jörg Kienzle,et al.  DREP: A Requirements Engineering Process for Dependable Reactive Systems , 2009, Methods, Models and Tools for Fault Tolerance.

[135]  Trent Jaeger,et al.  Design and Implementation of a TCG-based Integrity Measurement Architecture , 2004, USENIX Security Symposium.

[136]  Bernd Bertsche,et al.  Fault Tree Analysis, FTA , 2008 .

[137]  Giuliana Franceschinis,et al.  The PSR Methodology: Integrating Hardware and Software Models , 1996, Application and Theory of Petri Nets.

[138]  Christoph Lindemann,et al.  Performance Modelling with Deterministic and Stochastic Petri Nets , 1998, PERV.

[139]  Leslie Lamport,et al.  The Byzantine Generals Problem , 1982, TOPL.

[140]  Vittorio Cortellessa,et al.  Towards a UML profile for QoS: a contribution in the reliability domain , 2004, WOSP '04.

[141]  Connie U. Smith,et al.  Software Performance Engineering , 1993, Performance/SIGMETRICS Tutorials.