Predictors of hamstring injury at the elite level of Australian football

Background: Hamstring injuries are the most common injury sustained by elite Australian football players and result in substantial costs because of missed training time, unavailability for matches and lost player payments. Evidence to support proposed risk factors for hamstring injury is generally lacking, limiting the development of appropriate prevention strategies.

[1]  C. Purdam,et al.  Hamstring injuries in sprinting - the role of eccentric exercise. , 1989, The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy.

[2]  T. Yamamoto Relationship between hamstring strains and leg muscle strength. A follow-up study of collegiate track and field athletes. , 1993, The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness.

[3]  J. Gieck,et al.  An analysis of hamstring strains and their rehabilitation. , 1987, The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy.

[4]  J. Slavotinek,et al.  Clinical risk factors for hamstring muscle strain injury: a prospective study with correlation of injury by magnetic resonance imaging , 2001, British journal of sports medicine.

[5]  D. Perrin,et al.  Comparison of isokinetic strength and flexibility measures between hamstring injured and noninjured athletes. , 1991, The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy.

[6]  Caroline F. Finch,et al.  Reliability of common lower extremity musculoskeletal screening tests , 2004 .

[7]  K. Bennell,et al.  Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of a weight-bearing lunge measure of ankle dorsiflexion. , 1998, The Australian journal of physiotherapy.

[8]  D. Harvey Assessment of the flexibility of elite athletes using the modified Thomas test. , 1998, British journal of sports medicine.

[9]  L Devlin,et al.  Recurrent Posterior Thigh Symptoms Detrimental to Performance in Rugby Union , 2000, Sports medicine.

[10]  R. Gajdosik,et al.  Hamstring muscle tightness. Reliability of an active-knee-extension test. , 1983, Physical therapy.

[11]  H Seward,et al.  Football injuries in Australia at the élite level , 1993, The Medical journal of Australia.

[12]  Donald T. Kirkendall,et al.  The Effects of Aging and Training on Skeletal Muscle , 1998, The American journal of sports medicine.

[13]  S. Heymsfield,et al.  Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. , 1998, American journal of epidemiology.

[14]  A. Thorstensson,et al.  Hamstring injury occurrence in elite soccer players after preseason strength training with eccentric overload , 2003, Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.

[15]  D. Perrin,et al.  Hamstring muscle injury: the influence of strength, flexibility, warm-up, and fatigue. , 1992, The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy.

[16]  J W Orchard,et al.  Intrinsic and Extrinsic Risk Factors for Muscle Strains in Australian Football ∗ , 2001, The American journal of sports medicine.

[17]  A. Watson,et al.  Flexibility and posture assessment in relation to hamstring injury. , 1993, British journal of sports medicine.

[18]  Elizabeth A. Tully,et al.  Does the toe-touch test predict hamstring injury in Australian Rules footballers? , 1999, The Australian journal of physiotherapy.

[19]  R Bahr,et al.  Risk factors for sports injuries — a methodological approach , 2003, British journal of sports medicine.

[20]  M Stokes,et al.  The size and strength of the quadriceps muscles of old and young men. , 1985, Clinical physiology.

[21]  P. Clare,et al.  Prophylaxis and management of hamstring muscle injuries in intercollegiate football players , 1984, The American journal of sports medicine.

[22]  H Seward,et al.  Comparison of injuries in elite senior and junior Australian football. , 1998, Journal of science and medicine in sport.

[23]  D. Cambier,et al.  Muscle Flexibility as a Risk Factor for Developing Muscle Injuries in Male Professional Soccer Players , 2003, The American journal of sports medicine.

[24]  K. George,et al.  Adverse neural tension: a factor in repetitive hamstring strain? , 1998, The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy.

[25]  John Orchard,et al.  Preseason Hamstring Muscle Weakness Associated with Hamstring Muscle Injury in Australian Footballers , 1997, The American journal of sports medicine.

[26]  K. Bennell,et al.  Isokinetic strength testing does not predict hamstring injury in Australian Rules footballers. , 1998, British journal of sports medicine.

[27]  Bénédicte Forthomme,et al.  Hamstring Muscle Strain Recurrence and Strength Performance Disorders , 2002, The American journal of sports medicine.

[28]  P. Kroll,et al.  Hamstring muscles: An overview of anatomy, biomechanics and function, injury etiology, treatment, and prevention , 1997 .

[29]  U. Proske,et al.  Human hamstring muscles adapt to eccentric exercise by changing optimum length. , 2001, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[30]  T J Doherty,et al.  The influence of aging and sex on skeletal muscle mass and strength , 2001, Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care.

[31]  L. Burkett Causative factors in hamstring strains. , 1970, Medicine and science in sports.

[32]  H Seward,et al.  Epidemiology of injuries in the Australian Football League, seasons 1997–2000 , 2002, British journal of sports medicine.

[33]  J Keogh,et al.  The use of physical fitness scores and anthropometric data to predict selection in an elite under 18 Australian rules football team. , 1999, Journal of science and medicine in sport.