Application of High Power Laser Technology to Laser/Rock Destruction: Where Have We Been? Where Are We Now?
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In 1997. a research project funded by the Gas Research Institute (now Gas Technology Institute) titled “Detemlining the Benefits of Star Wars Laser Technology for Drilling and Completing Oil and Gas Wells” was begun in the Petroleum Engineering Department at the Colorado School of Mines. The goal of this two-year project was to examine the feasibility, costs, benefits and environmental impact of applying laser technologies to drill and complete oil and gas wells. The project used the Mid-Infrared Advanced Chemical Laser (MIRCAL) at the U.S. Amly’s HELSTF facility in White Sand, NM, the Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Laser (COIL) at U.S. Air Force’s Directed Energy Research facility in Albuquerque, NM, and a CO1 and CO laser at the P.N. Lebedev Institute in Moscow, Russia. The second phase of this research, funded by the US Department of Energy, the Gas Technology Institute, PDVSA, and Halliburton, continued the process of determining critical laser parameters and rock properties needed to adapt available high power lasers to oil and gas operations. Laser-rock testing conducted at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) using the Nd:YAG laser focused on quantifying specific energy so comparisons could be made with traditional rotary drilling techniques. The laser beam generated by the Nd:YAG is delivered using fiber optics. Research continues at ANL using both an Nd:YAG and a CO2 laser. Plans to lase rocks under stimulated reservoir conditions of saturation and pressure are currently being prepared. The free electron laser and the diode laser are also being used for comparison. The research showed the potential value of the laser drilling research, including: