Systems Analysis of the Photographic Process. I. A Three-Stage Model

A nonlinear, isotropic model is proposed to account for the micro-imaging behavior of the photographic process, without violating well-known properties of its large-area tone scale. Image growth and other “adjacency” effects are predicted. Each stage of the model is described in detail, and methods of determining the output image for any given input image are discussed. A typical step-function response is calculated by way of example.