An introduction to the immune network

SummaryIn this paper, after a telegraphic introduction to modern immunology, we present a simple model for the idiotypic network among antibodies and we study its relevance for the maintenance of immunological memory. We also consider the problem of computing the memory capacity of such a model.

[1]  G. Parisi,et al.  Learning and memory in spin-glass-like immune networks , 1993 .

[2]  K. Rajewsky Symmetry and asymmetry in idiotypic interactions. , 1983, Annales d'immunologie.

[3]  G. Parisi Two signals from B cells control the expansion of T cells: only one is immunologically specific. , 1988, Annales de l'Institut Pasteur. Immunology.

[4]  G. Parisi Networks in immunology , 1989 .

[5]  G. Hoffmann,et al.  Symmetry of effector function in the immune system network. , 1983, Molecular immunology.

[6]  F. Varela,et al.  Population dynamics of natural antibodies in normal and autoimmune individuals. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[7]  M. Kazatchkine,et al.  Anti‐idiotypes against Autoantibodies in Normal Immunoglobulins: Evidence for Network Regulation of Human Autoimmune Responses , 1989, Immunological reviews.

[8]  A. Coutinho,et al.  Beyond Clonal Selection and Network , 1989, Immunological reviews.

[9]  J J Hopfield,et al.  Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities. , 1982, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[10]  F. G. Worden,et al.  The neurosciences : third study program , 1974 .

[11]  C. Milstein,et al.  The Dynamic Nature of the Antibody Repertoire , 1988, Immunological reviews.

[12]  P E Seiden,et al.  A model for simulating cognate recognition and response in the immune system. , 1992, Journal of theoretical biology.

[13]  F. Varela,et al.  Exploring the Meaning of Connectivity in the Immune Network , 1989, Immunological reviews.

[14]  G. Parisi A simple model for the immune network. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[15]  John N. Walton,et al.  The neurosciences. A study program , 1969 .

[16]  M. Mézard,et al.  Spin Glass Theory and Beyond , 1987 .

[17]  M. Cohn The concept of functional idiotype network for immune regulation mocks all and comforts none. , 1986, Annales de l'Institut Pasteur. Immunologie.

[18]  A. Coutinho,et al.  Antibody Repertoires of Normal BALB/c Mice: B Lymphocyte Populations Defined by State of Activation , 1986, Immunological reviews.

[19]  N. K. Jerne,et al.  Idiotypic Networks and Other Preconceived Ideas , 1984, Immunological reviews.

[20]  J L van Hemmen,et al.  Memory to antigenic challenge of the immune system: synergy of idiotypic interactions and memory B cells. , 1993, Journal of theoretical biology.

[21]  A S Perelson,et al.  Localized memories in idiotypic networks. , 1990, Journal of theoretical biology.