Bilateral Proximal Humerus Fracture – a Rare Combination with a High Complication Rate after Surgery Die beidseitige proximale Humerusfraktur – eine seltene Kombination mit hoher Komplikationsrate nach operativer Versorgung

Abstract Introduction Bilateral acute proximal humerus fractures are rare. There are no data available about these bilateral injuries. The aim of the study was to analyse bilateral proximal humerus fractures retrospectively in terms of incidence, complications and revisions. Methods All bilateral proximal humerus fractures were evaluated retrospectively using the institutionʼs database, with the focus on cause of the injury, fracture severity and the clinical course compared to published information on monolateral proximal humerus fractures. Bilateral posterior dislocation fractures were excluded, because these fractures are a separate entity. Results Between 2005 and 2016, n = 17 patients were primarily treated within our hospital for an acute proximal humerus fracture on both sides (n = 12 female, n = 5 male, average age: 68 years; overall 34 proximal humerus fractures). The general trauma mechanism was a fall on both arms (82% [18% polytrauma]). There were 65% displaced 3-/4-part proximal humerus fractures. Angle-stable plate osteosynthesis was performed predominantly (64%), followed by fracture prosthesis (18%; tension wiring: 3%; non-operatively: 15%). Overall, n = 10 patients (59%) or n = 18 (53%) proximal humerus fractures developed a complication, primarily with loss of reduction or implant loosening (44%). In n = 14 (78%) of the complications further operations were necessary. Alcohol abuse was increasingly found in 29% of the cases within the bilateral patient cohort compared to patients with monolateral fractures. Conclusion Bilateral proximal humerus fractures are mainly associated with comminuted displaced fractures and a higher complication rate in comparison to monolateral fractures after surgical treatment. Zusammenfassung Einleitung Die akute beidseitige proximale Humerusfraktur ist eine sehr seltene Verletzungskombination. Derzeit liegen innerhalb der Literatur keine Daten über diese bilateralen Verletzungen vor. Das Ziel war es, die vorhandenen Fälle beidseitiger Humeruskopffrakturen retrospektiv hinsichtlich Inzidenz, Komplikations- und Revisionsrate zu analysieren. Methodik Sämtliche Datensätze beidseitiger proximaler Humerusfrakturen wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet. Dabei wurde der Fokus auf Ursache der Verletzung, Frakturschwere und den klinischen Verlauf gelegt und mit monolateralen proximalen Humerusfrakturen innerhalb der Literatur verglichen. Ausgeschlossen wurden beidseitige posteriore Humeruskopfluxationsfrakturen, da diese Frakturen eine eigene Entität darstellen. Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden im Zeitraum zwischen 2005 und 2016 n = 17 Patienten mit einer beidseitigen frischen proximalen Humerusfraktur in unserem Hause primär behandelt (n = 12 Frauen, n = 5 Männer, Durchschnittsalter: 68 Jahre; insgesamt 34 proximale Humerusfrakturen). Der übliche Traumamechanismus war ein Sturz auf beide Arme (82% [18% Polytrauma]). Dabei lagen zu 65% dislozierte proximale 3-/4-Part-Humerusfrakturen vor. Primär wurden überwiegend winkelstabile Plattenosteosynthesen durchgeführt (64%), gefolgt von Frakturprothesen (18%; Zuggurtung: 3%; konservativ: 15%). Insgesamt kam es in n = 10 Patienten (59%) bzw. bei n = 18 (53%) proximalen Humerusfrakturen zu einer Komplikation vorwiegend mit Osteosyntheseversagen (44%). In n = 14 (78%) der Komplikationen waren Folgeoperationen notwendig. Ein C2-Abusus war mit 29% vermehrt innerhalb des bilateralen Kollektivs im Vergleich zu Patienten mit monolateralen Frakturen nachweisbar. Schlussfolgerung Im Vergleich zu monolateralen proximalen Humerusfrakturen gehen beidseitige proximale Humerusfrakturen überwiegend mit mehrfragmentären dislozierten Frakturen einher. Auch die Komplikationsrate nach operativer Versorgung liegt dabei höher als die der Versorgungen bei den monolateralen Frakturen.

[1]  N. Schep,et al.  Plate fixation of the proximal humerus: an international multicentre comparative study of postoperative complications , 2017, Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery.

[2]  R. E. Rodriguez-Corlay,et al.  Conservative Treatment for Bilateral Displaced Proximal Humerus Head Fracture , 2016, Cureus.

[3]  C. Iacobellis,et al.  The treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures: analysis of the results of 55 cases treated with PHILOS plate , 2016, MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY.

[4]  C. Burger,et al.  [Bilateral Dislocation Fracture of the Humeral Head (Right AO 11C3.3; Left AO 11A1.3) without Direct Trauma Due to First Clinical Manifestation of Seizure - a Case Report and Review of the Literature]. , 2015, Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie.

[5]  Hassan Boussakri,et al.  Prothèse totale inversée bilatéral de l’épaule: à propos de deux , 2015, The Pan African Medical Journal.

[6]  M. Königshausen,et al.  Die polyaxial-winkelstabile Platte in der Versorgung von 3- und 4-Fragment-Frakturen des Humeruskopfs: objektive Ergebnisse und Patientenzufriedenheit , 2015, Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie.

[7]  A. Elmrini,et al.  [Total bilateral reverse shoulder prosthesis: about two cases]. , 2015, The Pan African Medical Journal.

[8]  Y. Tanwar,et al.  Bilateral traumatic proximal humerus fractures managed by open reduction and internal fixation with locked plates. , 2013, Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi.

[9]  P. Harrington,et al.  Functional Outcome after Simultaneous Bilateral Four-Part Proximal Humerus Fracture: A Comparison of ORIF and Hemiarthroplasty in an Individual Patient , 2012, Case Reports in Orthopedics.

[10]  T. Schildhauer,et al.  Clinical outcome and complications using a polyaxial locking plate in the treatment of displaced proximal humerus fractures. A reliable system? , 2012, Injury.

[11]  S. Ruchholtz,et al.  Minimally invasive polyaxial locking plate fixation of proximal humeral fractures: a prospective study. , 2011, The Journal of trauma.

[12]  A. Schulz,et al.  Are Polyaxially Locked Screws Advantageous in the Plate Osteosynthesis of Proximal Humeral Fractures in the Elderly? A Prospective Randomized Clinical Observational Study , 2011, Journal of orthopaedic trauma.

[13]  S. Ponzer,et al.  Hemiarthroplasty versus nonoperative treatment of displaced 4-part proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial. , 2011, Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery.

[14]  J. Geßmann,et al.  Locked posterior shoulder dislocation: treatment options and clinical outcomes , 2011, Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery.

[15]  B. Feeley,et al.  A systematic review of locking plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures. , 2011, Injury.

[16]  M. Kuster,et al.  Second generation locked plating of proximal humerus fractures—A prospective multicentre observational study , 2011, International Orthopaedics.

[17]  C. Bahrs,et al.  Effect of proximal humeral fractures on the age-specific prevalence of rotator cuff tears. , 2010, The Journal of trauma.

[18]  Florian Gebhard,et al.  Clinical Results for Minimally Invasive Locked Plating of Proximal Humerus Fractures , 2010, Journal of orthopaedic trauma.

[19]  David Limb,et al.  Treatment of proximal humerus fractures with locking plates: a systematic review. , 2009, Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery.

[20]  M. Kuster,et al.  Early results in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures with a polyaxial locking plate , 2009, Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery.

[21]  T. Mittlmeier,et al.  Is Locking Nailing of Humeral Head Fractures Superior to Locking Plate Fixation? , 2009, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[22]  M. Kääb,et al.  Open reduction and internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures with use of the locking proximal humerus plate. Results of a prospective, multicenter, observational study. , 2009, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[23]  Laurent Audigé,et al.  Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures Using a Proximal Humeral Locked Plate: A Prospective Multicenter Analysis , 2009, Journal of orthopaedic trauma.

[24]  N. Haas,et al.  Humeral head necrosis rate at mid-term follow-up after open reduction and angular stable plate fixation for proximal humeral fractures. , 2009, Injury.

[25]  Peter Helwig,et al.  Analysis of Efficacy and Failure in Proximal Humerus Fractures Treated With Locking Plates , 2007, Journal of orthopaedic trauma.

[26]  A. Imhoff,et al.  Bilateral reverse shoulder prosthesis in a patient with severe syringomyelia. , 2007, Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery.

[27]  G. Muhr,et al.  Operative und klinische Erfahrungen mit winkelstabilen Implantaten bei proximalen Humerusfrakturen - Wirklich alles besser? , 2007 .

[28]  D. Martin,et al.  [Proximal humeral fractures with angle-stable plate osteosynthesis--is everything better now?]. , 2007, Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie.

[29]  D. Korres,et al.  Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures Using the PHILOS Plate: Early Experience , 2006, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[30]  B. Füchtmeier,et al.  Die Versorgung dislozierter 3- und 4-Fragmentfrakturen des proximalen Humerus mit einem winkelstabilen Plattenfixateur , 2004, Der Unfallchirurg.

[31]  M. Leunig,et al.  Predictors of humeral head ischemia after intracapsular fracture of the proximal humerus. , 2004, Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery.

[32]  H. Lill,et al.  Die winkelstabile Plattenosteosynthese (LPHP®) proximaler Humerusfrakturen über den kleinen anterolateralen Delta-Splitting-Zugang - Technik und erste Ergebnisse , 2004 .

[33]  M. Nerlich,et al.  [Treatment of dislocated 3- and 4-part fractures of the proximal humerus with an angle-stabilizing fixation plate]. , 2004, Der Unfallchirurg.

[34]  T. Lind,et al.  The epidemiology of fractures of the proximal humerus , 2004, Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery.

[35]  H. Simmen,et al.  [Epidemiology, treatment and results of proximal humeral fractures: experience of a district hospital in a sports- and tourism area]. , 2003, Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie.

[36]  W D Middleton,et al.  Natural history of asymptomatic rotator cuff tears: a longitudinal analysis of asymptomatic tears detected sonographically. , 2001, Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery.

[37]  H. Lill,et al.  Konservative Therapie dislozierter proximaler Humerusfrakturen , 2001 .

[38]  H. Lill,et al.  [Conservative treatment of dislocated proximal humeral fractures]. , 2001, Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie.

[39]  O. Trentz,et al.  [Bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation fracture after an epileptic seizure. A case report]. , 1994, Der Unfallchirurg.

[40]  T. Lindholm,et al.  Bilateral posterior dislocation of the shoulder combined with fracture of the proximal humerus. A case report. , 1980, Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica.