Arctigenin preferentially induces tumor cell death under glucose deprivation by inhibiting cellular energy metabolism.

[1]  O. Warburg.  [Origin of cancer cells]. , 1956, Oncologia.

[2]  E. Liechty,et al.  Exogenous adenine nucleotides replete endothelial cell adenosine triphosphate after oxidant injury by adenosine uptake. , 1990, The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine.

[3]  D. Griffith,et al.  Nucleoside and nucleobase transport systems of mammalian cells. , 1996, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[4]  M. King,et al.  Isolation of human cell lines lacking mitochondrial DNA. , 1996, Methods in enzymology.

[5]  A. Minelli,et al.  Hydrolysis of extracellular adenine nucleotides by equine epidydimal spermatozoa. , 1997, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology.

[6]  H. Nishino,et al.  Anti-tumor-promoting activity of lignans from the aerial part of Saussurea medusa. , 2000, Cancer letters.

[7]  M. Hirose,et al.  Effects of arctiin on PhIP-induced mammary, colon and pancreatic carcinogenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats and MeIQx-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male F344 rats. , 2000, Cancer letters.

[8]  M. Owen,et al.  Evidence that metformin exerts its anti-diabetic effects through inhibition of complex 1 of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. , 2000, The Biochemical journal.

[9]  J. Koutcher,et al.  ATP depletion + pyrimidine depletion can markedly enhance cancer therapy: fresh insight for a new approach. , 2000, Cancer research.

[10]  K. Kato,et al.  Remarkable tolerance of tumor cells to nutrient deprivation: possible new biochemical target for cancer therapy. , 2000, Cancer research.

[11]  N. Rajeshkumar,et al.  Inhibition of chemical carcinogenesis by berberine in rats and mice , 2001, The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology.

[12]  J. Paul Robinson,et al.  Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitor Rotenone Induces Apoptosis through Enhancing Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production* , 2003, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[13]  D. Hardie,et al.  Management of cellular energy by the AMP‐activated protein kinase system , 2003, FEBS letters.

[14]  Joanne Wang,et al.  (Section A: Molecular, Structural, and Cellular Biology of Drug Transporters) Mammalian Nucleoside Transporters , 2004 .

[15]  H. Esumi,et al.  Antitumor activity of pyrvinium pamoate, 6‐(dimethylamino)‐2‐[2‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl)ethenyl]‐1‐methyl‐quinolinium pamoate salt, showing preferential cytotoxicity during glucose starvation , 2004, Cancer science.

[16]  M. Roden,et al.  Thiazolidinediones, like metformin, inhibit respiratory complex I: a common mechanism contributing to their antidiabetic actions? , 2004, Diabetes.

[17]  Peter Vaupel,et al.  Tumor microenvironmental physiology and its implications for radiation oncology. , 2004, Seminars in radiation oncology.

[18]  M. Kaminishi,et al.  Kigamicin D, a novel anticancer agent based on a new anti‐austerity strategy targeting cancer cells' tolerance to nutrient starvation , 2004, Cancer science.

[19]  Dario R Alessi,et al.  Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients , 2005, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[20]  J. Y. Liu,et al.  Berberine induces apoptosis through a mitochondria/caspases pathway in human hepatoma cells , 2006, Archives of Toxicology.

[21]  D. James,et al.  Berberine, a Natural Plant Product, Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase With Beneficial Metabolic Effects in Diabetic and Insulin-Resistant States , 2006, Diabetes.

[22]  H. Esumi,et al.  Identification of arctigenin as an antitumor agent having the ability to eliminate the tolerance of cancer cells to nutrient starvation. , 2006, Cancer research.

[23]  H. Esumi,et al.  Angelmarin, a novel anti-cancer agent able to eliminate the tolerance of cancer cells to nutrient starvation. , 2006, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

[24]  H. Pelicano,et al.  Glycolysis inhibition for anticancer treatment , 2006, Oncogene.

[25]  K. Shin‐ya,et al.  Glucose-deprived HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells are sensitive to verrucosidin as a GRP78 down-regulator. , 2007, Toxicology.

[26]  Yongqiang Chen,et al.  Mitochondrial electron-transport-chain inhibitors of complexes I and II induce autophagic cell death mediated by reactive oxygen species , 2007, Journal of Cell Science.

[27]  Y. Atomi,et al.  Autophagy is activated in colorectal cancer cells and contributes to the tolerance to nutrient deprivation. , 2007, Cancer research.

[28]  Joydeep Ghosh,et al.  Novel strategy for treatment of Japanese encephalitis using arctigenin, a plant lignan. , 2008, The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

[29]  I. Ben-Sahra,et al.  The antidiabetic drug metformin exerts an antitumoral effect in vitro and in vivo through a decrease of cyclin D1 level , 2008, Oncogene.

[30]  D. James,et al.  Berberine and Its More Biologically Available Derivative, Dihydroberberine, Inhibit Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex I , 2008, Diabetes.

[31]  Hae‐Ryong Park,et al.  Selective Cytotoxicity of Ponciri Fructus against Glucose-Deprived PANC-1 Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells via Blocking Activation of GRP78 , 2009, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.

[32]  K. Liao,et al.  Berberine promotes the development of atherosclerosis and foam cell formation by inducing scavenger receptor A expression in macrophage , 2009, Cell Research.

[33]  K. Hayashi,et al.  Therapeutic effect of arctiin and arctigenin in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice infected with influenza A virus. , 2010, Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin.

[34]  K. Shin‐ya,et al.  Arctigenin blocks the unfolded protein response and shows therapeutic antitumor activity , 2010, Journal of cellular physiology.

[35]  Changhua Wang,et al.  Arctigenin Suppresses Unfolded Protein Response and Sensitizes Glucose Deprivation-Mediated Cytotoxicity of Cancer Cells , 2010, Planta medica.

[36]  R. Yu,et al.  Arctigenin, a natural compound, activates AMP-activated protein kinase via inhibition of mitochondria complex I and ameliorates metabolic disorders in ob/ob mice , 2012, Diabetologia.