Puberty and Body Composition

Body composition during puberty is a marker of metabolic changes that occur during this period of growth and maturation, and, thus, holds key information regarding current and future health. During puberty, the main components of body composition (total body fat, lean body mass, bone mineral content) all increase, but considerable sexual dimorphism exists. Methods for measuring body composition (e.g. densitometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and degree of maturity will be discussed in this review. Components of body composition show age-to-age correlations (i.e. ‘tracking’), especially from adolescence onwards. Furthermore, adipose tissue is endocrinologically active and is centrally involved in the interaction between adipocytokines, insulin and sex-steroid hormones, and thus influences cardiovascular and metabolic disease processes. In conclusion, pubertal body composition is important, not only for the assessment of contemporaneous nutritional status, but also for being linked directly to the possible onset of chronic disease later in life and is, therefore, useful for disease risk assessment and intervention early in life.

[1]  Shumei S. Guo,et al.  Body composition estimates from NHANES III bioelectrical impedance data , 2002, International Journal of Obesity.

[2]  Shumei S. Sun,et al.  National estimates of the timing of sexual maturation and racial differences among US children. , 2002, Pediatrics.

[3]  Katherine M Flegal,et al.  Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999-2000. , 2002, JAMA.

[4]  M. Matsuda,et al.  Androgens decrease plasma adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing adipocyte-derived protein. , 2002, Diabetes.

[5]  Shumei S. Guo,et al.  Predicting overweight and obesity in adulthood from body mass index values in childhood and adolescence. , 2002, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[6]  J. Zborowski,et al.  Evidence for competing effects of body mass, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and androgens on leptin levels among lean, overweight, and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. , 2002, Fertility and sterility.

[7]  E. Ravussin,et al.  Assessing risk factors for obesity between childhood and adolescence: I. Birth weight, childhood adiposity, parental obesity, insulin, and leptin. , 2002, Pediatrics.

[8]  Shumei S. Guo,et al.  Relations between frame size and body composition and bone mineral status. , 2002, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[9]  P. Grimaldi,et al.  New factors in the regulation of adipose differentiation and metabolism , 2002, Current opinion in lipidology.

[10]  S. Maruoka,et al.  Decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations in women with dyslipidemia. , 2002, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[11]  M. Lazar,et al.  Mechanisms Regulating Adipocyte Expression of Resistin* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[12]  A. Barnett,et al.  Increased resistin gene and protein expression in human abdominal adipose tissue. , 2002, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[13]  J. Roemmich,et al.  Pubertal alterations in growth and body composition. VI. Pubertal insulin resistance: relation to adiposity, body fat distribution and hormone release , 2002, International Journal of Obesity.

[14]  S. Heshka,et al.  Trunk Fat and Blood Pressure in Children Through Puberty , 2002, Circulation.

[15]  B. Gower,et al.  Longitudinal study on pubertal insulin resistance. , 2001, Diabetes.

[16]  R. Leibel,et al.  Sexual dimorphism in circulating leptin concentrations is not accounted for by differences in adipose tissue distribution , 2001, International Journal of Obesity.

[17]  A. Roche,et al.  Sex differences in bone mass acquisition during growth: the Fels Longitudinal Study. , 2001, Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry.

[18]  K. Flegal,et al.  Prevalence of overweight in US children: comparison of US growth charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with other reference values for body mass index. , 2001, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[19]  M. Goran,et al.  Growth of visceral fat, subcutaneous abdominal fat, and total body fat in children. , 2001, Obesity research.

[20]  A. Roche,et al.  Childhood body composition in relation to body mass index. , 2001, Pediatrics.

[21]  K. Flegal,et al.  Criteria for definition of overweight in transition: background and recommendations for the United States. , 2000, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[22]  L. Bachrach,et al.  Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements of bone density and body composition: promise and pitfalls. , 2000, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[23]  R. Siervogel,et al.  Lifetime overweight status in relation to serial changes in body composition and risk factors for cardiovascular disease: The Fels Longitudinal Study. , 2000, Obesity research.

[24]  M. Vermorel,et al.  Longitudinal changes in body composition, physical capacities and energy expenditure in boys and girls during the onset of puberty , 2000, European journal of nutrition.

[25]  R. Leibel,et al.  Effect of puberty on the relationship between circulating leptin and body composition. , 2000, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[26]  R. Siervogel,et al.  Childhood Weight, Stature, and Body Mass Index Among Never Overweight, Early-Onset Overweight, and Late-Onset Overweight Groups , 2000, Pediatrics.

[27]  S. O’Rahilly,et al.  The perils of portliness: causes and consequences of visceral adiposity. , 2000, Diabetes.

[28]  Shumei S. Guo,et al.  Annual Changes in Total Body Fat and Fat‐free Mass in Children from 8 to 18 Years in Relation to Changes in Body Mass Index: The Fels Longitudinal Study , 2000, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[29]  J. Blangero,et al.  Serum leptin concentration, body composition, and gonadal hormones during puberty , 1999, International Journal of Obesity.

[30]  N. M. Drayer,et al.  Longitudinal study of leptin concentrations during puberty: sex differences and relationship to changes in body composition. , 1999, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[31]  Shumei S. Guo,et al.  Serial changes in body composition throughout adulthood and their relationships to changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels. The Fels Longitudinal Study. , 1998, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[32]  S. Heymsfield,et al.  The quality of the body cell mass--1996. Are we ready to measure it? , 1998, Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine.

[33]  M. McCrory,et al.  Body composition by air-displacement plethysmography by using predicted and measured thoracic gas volumes. , 1998, Journal of applied physiology.

[34]  J. Després,et al.  The insulin resistance-dyslipidemic syndrome of visceral obesity: effect on patients' risk. , 1998, Obesity research.

[35]  D B Allison,et al.  Body mass index as a measure of adiposity among children and adolescents: a validation study. , 1998, The Journal of pediatrics.

[36]  W. Chumlea,et al.  Age- and maturity-related changes in body composition during adolescence into adulthood: The Fels Longitudinal Study , 1997, International Journal of Obesity.

[37]  M. Nicolson,et al.  Leptin Levels and Body Fatness in Children: Effects of Gender, Ethnicity, and Sexual Development1 , 1997, Pediatric Research.

[38]  S. Daniels,et al.  The utility of body mass index as a measure of body fatness in children and adolescents: differences by race and gender. , 1997, Pediatrics.

[39]  F. Dunstan,et al.  The validity of body mass index for the assessment of adiposity in children with disease states. , 1997, Annals of human biology.

[40]  W. van Mechelen,et al.  Rapid maturation in adolescence results in greater obesity in adulthood: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Study. , 1996, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[41]  L. Baur,et al.  Body mass index in screening for adiposity in children and adolescents: systematic evaluation using receiver operating characteristic curves. , 1996, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[42]  J. Snel,et al.  Biological maturation and the distribution of subcutaneous fat from adolescence into adulthood: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Study. , 1996, International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[43]  W. Dietz,et al.  Guidelines for overweight in adolescent preventive services: recommendations from an expert committee. The Expert Committee on Clinical Guidelines for Overweight in Adolescent Preventive Services. , 1994, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[44]  J. Garrow.  Three limitations of body mass index. , 1988, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[45]  G. Berenson,et al.  Tracking of Body Composition Variables , 1987, Pediatrics.

[46]  C. Bloch,et al.  Puberty decreases insulin sensitivity. , 1987, The Journal of pediatrics.

[47]  V M Hawthorne,et al.  Three limitations of the body mass index. , 1986, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[48]  V M Hawthorne,et al.  Maturational timing as a factor in female fatness and obesity. , 1986, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[49]  A. Roche,et al.  Grading body fatness from limited anthropometric data. , 1981, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[50]  D. A. Sholl,et al.  Growth at Adolescence , 1962 .

[51]  Shumei S. Sun,et al.  Age at menarche and racial comparisons in US girls. , 2003, Pediatrics.

[52]  S. Heymsfield,et al.  Whole-body skeletal muscle mass: development and validation of total-body potassium prediction models. , 2003, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[53]  W. Chumlea,et al.  Comparison of percent body fat estimates using air displacement plethysmography and hydrodensitometry in adults and children , 2002, International Journal of Obesity.

[54]  Lester R Curtin,et al.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts for the United States: improvements to the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics version. , 2002, Pediatrics.

[55]  D. Bailey,et al.  Timing and magnitude of peak height velocity and peak tissue velocities for early, average, and late maturing boys and girls , 2001, American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council.

[56]  R. Janečková.  The role of leptin in human physiology and pathophysiology. , 2001, Physiological research.

[57]  E. Demerath,et al.  Body mass index during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood in relation to adult overweight and adiposity: the Fels Longitudinal Study , 2000, International Journal of Obesity.

[58]  L. Grummer-Strawn,et al.  CDC growth charts: United States. , 2000, Advance data.

[59]  W. Dietz,et al.  Workshop on childhood obesity: summary of the discussion. , 1999, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[60]  L. Ibáñez,et al.  Pubertal changes in insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensitivity. , 1997, Hormone research.

[61]  A. Kissebah.  Intra-abdominal fat: is it a major factor in developing diabetes and coronary artery disease? , 1996, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[62]  J. Buckler.  A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Growth , 1990, Springer London.

[63]  G. Berenson,et al.  Cardiovascular risk factors from birth to 7 years of age: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Tracking of body composition variables. , 1987, Pediatrics.

[64]  ANALYTIC APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF , 2022 .