Energy drink consumption: a survey in high school students and associated psychological effects.

Introduction Energy drinks represent an emerging health problem among young people. Energy drinks generally refer to a class of beverages containing sugars and various combinations of bioactive ingredients such as caffeine, taurine etc. Also the mix of energy drinks with alcohol is fairly frequent among young people and could be associated with dangerous effects. Methods In 2016-2017, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1581 students attending eight high school in the Marche Region. Data were collected via an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Results The 27.7% of students use energy drinks and the majority, corresponding with the 93.0%, are aware of the main ingredients contained in energy drinks. The main activities for which young people use these drinks are: sport, leisure, pleasure, study. Young people who admit to using alcohol mixed with energy drinks more than 4 times a month are an alarming fact. Conclusions This research confirms that energy drinks are used more by young males and especially by those who practice sports. Furthermore, the use these beverages to increase the concentration in the study and to be more brilliant in free time, is confirmed.

[1]  I. Grappasonni,et al.  Survey about the potential effects of economic downturn on alcohol consumption, smoking and quality of life in a sample of Central Italy population , 2018, Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis.

[2]  I. Grappasonni,et al.  The pharmaceutical care and the rejected constitutional reform: what might have been and what is. , 2017, Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis.

[3]  Carlo Signorelli,et al.  The missed Constitutional Reform and its possible impact on the sustainability of the Italian National Health Service. , 2017, Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis.

[4]  D. Bourgeois,et al.  Oral Health Behavior and Lifestyle Factors among Overweight and Non-Overweight Young Adults in Europe: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study , 2016, Healthcare.

[5]  A. Zampelas,et al.  Evaluation of Drinks Contribution to Energy Intake in Summer and Winter , 2015, Nutrients.

[6]  E. Grasser,et al.  The thermic effect of sugar‐free Red Bull: Do the non‐caffeine bioactive ingredients in energy drinks play a role? , 2015, Obesity.

[7]  P. Ambrosi,et al.  Major Components of Energy Drinks (Caffeine, Taurine, and Guarana) Exert Cytotoxic Effects on Human Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells by Decreasing Reactive Oxygen Species Production , 2013, Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity.

[8]  C. Volpato,et al.  Gathering consumption data on specific consumer groups of energy drinks , 2013 .

[9]  A. King,et al.  Validation of the brief Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale (B-BAES). , 2013, Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.

[10]  I. Grappasonni,et al.  Tobacco, alcohol and illegal substances: experiences and attitudes among Italian university students. , 2011, Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira.

[11]  Sema Attila,et al.  Energy-drink consumption in college students and associated factors. , 2011, Nutrition.

[12]  S. Lipshultz,et al.  Health Effects of Energy Drinks on Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults , 2011, Pediatrics.

[13]  A. Bigard Dangers des boissons énergisantes chez les jeunes , 2010 .

[14]  A. Bigard [Risks of energy drinks in youths]. , 2010, Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie.

[15]  C. Signorelli,et al.  Substance use and knowledge among Italian high school students. , 2009, Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia.

[16]  K. Miller Energy drinks, race, and problem behaviors among college students. , 2008, The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine.

[17]  K. Clauson,et al.  Safety issues associated with commercially available energy drinks. , 2008, Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA.

[18]  K. Resnicow,et al.  Recommendations for Prevention of Childhood Obesity , 2007, Pediatrics.

[19]  A. Caputi,et al.  Intake of energy drinks in association with alcoholic beverages in a cohort of students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina. , 2007, Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.

[20]  I. Grappasonni,et al.  Epidemiology of addictive substances: Comparison of Czech and Italian university students' experiencies , 2007 .

[21]  S. Pompéia,et al.  Effects of energy drink ingestion on alcohol intoxication. , 2006, Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.

[22]  J. Vepřek Health Care System in the Czech Republic , 2005 .

[23]  I. Grappasonni,et al.  [Young people and drug: distress or new style? Epidemiological survey among an Italian student population]. , 2003, Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita.

[24]  R. Landrum,et al.  Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire: A Standardized Measure for Caffeine Consumption in Undergraduate Students , 2001, Psychological reports.

[25]  C. Alford,et al.  The effects of Red Bull Energy Drink on human performance and mood , 2001, Amino Acids.

[26]  I. Grappasonni,et al.  Young people and smoking: knowledge and habits of middle and high school students , 2000 .

[27]  I. Grappasonni,et al.  Knowledge and consumption of psychoactive substances in middle-school, high-school and university students. , 1998 .

[28]  C A Steward,et al.  The state of the industry. , 1997, Clinical laboratory management review : official publication of the Clinical Laboratory Management Association.

[29]  I. Grappasonni,et al.  [Consumption, attitudes and knowledge on compared alcoholic beverages among high school and university students]. , 1997, Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita.