Chloride diffusion, microstructure, and mineralogy of concrete after 15 years of exposure in tidal environment

This research describes a detailed study conducted into the chloride diffusion, microstructure, and mineralogy of 15-year-old concrete specimens of dimensions 150 mm in diameter and 300 mm in height. These specimens were exposed to a tidal environment. The cement types were ordinary portland cement, slag cements of Types A, B, and C, and Type B fly ash cement. Water-cement ratio was 0.45. Compressive strength, carbonation depths, pulse velocity, water- and acid-soluble chloride profiles, microstructure, and mineralogy of concrete were evaluated. Results are provided.