ABSTRACT In the light of morphological and molecular evidence that the genus Mascagnia is polyphyletic, eight segregate genera are described, discussed, and illustrated, the necessary new combinations are proposed, and five new species are described (Amorimia camporum, A. kariniana, A. septentrionalis, A. velutina, and Niedenzuella caracasana). Keys to genera and species are provided. The genera and species are: Adelphia W. R. Anderson [A. hiraea (Gaertner) W. R. Anderson, A. macrophylla (Rusby) W. R. Anderson, A. mirabilis (W. R. Anderson) W. R. Anderson, A. platyrachis (Triana & Planchon) W. R. Anderson]; Aenigmatanthera W. R. Anderson [A. doniana (Grisebach in Martius) W. R. Anderson, A. lasiandra (A. Jussieu) W. R. Anderson]; Alicia W. R. Anderson [A. anisopetala (A. Jussieu in A. St.-Hilaire) W. R. Anderson, A. macrodisca (Triana & Planchon) W. R. Anderson]; Amorimia W. R. Anderson [A. amazonica (Niedenzu) W. R. Anderson, A. camporum W. R. Anderson, A. concinna (C. V. Morton) W. R. Anderson, A. exotropica (Grisebach in Martius) W. R. Anderson, A. kariniana W. R. Anderson, A. maritima (A. Jussieu) W. R. Anderson, A. pubiflora (A. Jussieu in A. St.-Hilaire) W. R. Anderson, A. rigida (A. Jussieu in A. St.-Hilaire) W. R. Anderson, A. septentrionalis W. R. Anderson, A. velutina W. R. Anderson]; Carolus W. R. Anderson [C. anderssonii (W. R. Anderson) W. R. Anderson, C. chasei (W. R. Anderson) W. R. Anderson, C. chlorocarpus (A. Jussieu) W. R. Anderson, C. dukei (Cuatrecasas & Croat) W. R. Anderson, C. renidens (A. Jussieu) W. R. Anderson, C. sinemariensis (Aublet) W. R. Anderson]; Christianella W. R. Anderson [C. glandulifera (Cuatrecasas) W. R. Anderson, C. mesoamericana (W. R. Anderson) W. R. Anderson, C. multiglandulosa (Niedenzu in Chodat & Hassler) W. R. Anderson, C. paludicola (W. R. Anderson) W. R. Anderson, C. surinamensis (Kostermans) W. R. Anderson]; Malpighiodes Niedenzu [M. bracteosa (Grisebach in Martius) W. R. Anderson, M. guianensis (W. R. Anderson) W. R. Anderson, M. leucanthele (Grisebach in Martius) W. R. Anderson, M. liesneri (W. R. Anderson) W. R. Anderson]; and Niedenzuella W. R. Anderson [N. acutifolia (Cavanilles) W. R. Anderson, N. caracasana W. R. Anderson, N. castanea (Cuatrecasas) W. R. Anderson, N. glabra (Sprengel) W. R. Anderson, N. leucosepala (Grisebach) W. R. Anderson, N. lucida (A. Jussieu in A. St.-Hilaire) W. R. Anderson, N. mater-dei (Cuatrecasas) W. R. Anderson, N. metensis (Cuatrecasas) W. R. Anderson, N. mogoriifolia (A. Jussieu in A. St.-Hilaire) W. R. Anderson, N. multiglandulosa (A. Jussieu) W. R. Anderson, N. peruviana (Niedenzu) W. R. Anderson, N. poeppigiana (A. Jussieu) W. R. Anderson, N. sericea (A. Jussieu in A. St.-Hilaire) W. R. Anderson, N. stannea (Grisebach) W. R. Anderson, N. suaveolens (A. Jussieu) W. R. Anderson, N. warmingiana (Grisebach) W. R. Anderson]. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: Heladena hassleriana Niedenzu in Chodat & Hassler, Hiraea anisopetala A. Jussieu in A. St.-Hilaire, Hiraea glabra Sprengel, Hiraea heteropetala A. Jussieu, Hiraea multiflora Grisebach, Hiraea poeppigiana A. Jussieu, Hiraea pubiflora A. Jussieu in A. St.-Hilaire, Hiraea renidens A. Jussieu, Hiraea rigida A. Jussieu in A. St.-Hilaire, Hiraea sericea A. Jussieu in A. St.-Hilaire, Malpighiodes Niedenzu, Malpighiodes spruceana Niedenzu, Mascagnia sect. Pleuropterys Grisebach in Martius, Mascagnia subsect. Sericopetalis Niedenzu, Mascagnia coriacea Grisebach in Martius, Mascagnia exotropica Grisebach in Martius, Mascagnia jamaicensis Urban & Niedenzu, Mascagnia multiglandulosa Niedenzu in Chodat & Hassler, Mascagnia parnahybensis Glaziou, Mascagnia sericans Niedenzu in Chodat & Hassler, Tetrapterys fraxinifolia A. Jussieu, Tetrapterys guilleminiana A. Jussieu, Tetrapterys lancifolia A. Jussieu, Tetrapterys ligustrifolia Niedenzu, Tetrapterys lucida A. Jussieu in A. St.-Hilaire, Tetrapterys martiana Niedenzu, Tetrapterys mogoriifolia A. Jussieu in A. St.-Hilaire, Tetrapterys multiglandulosa A. Jussieu, Tetrapterys punctulata A. Jussieu in A. St.-Hilaire.
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