Inhaled corticosteroids as combination therapy with β-adrenergic agonists in airways disease: present and future

[1]  J. Kramer,et al.  Balancing the benefits and risks of inhaled long-acting beta-agonists--the influence of values. , 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

[2]  H. Magnussen,et al.  Lung function and asthma control with beclomethasone and formoterol in a single inhaler. , 2009, Respiratory medicine.

[3]  S. Rennard,et al.  One-year treatment with mometasone furoate in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , 2008, Respiratory research.

[4]  D. Ray,et al.  Inhibition of LPS Stimulated COPD Macrophage Inflammatory Gene Expression by Dexamethasone and the p38 MAPK Inhibitor SB706504 , 2008 .

[5]  J. Bestall,et al.  Fluticasone at different doses for chronic asthma in adults and children. , 2008, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[6]  Ian M Adcock,et al.  New targets for drug development in asthma , 2008, The Lancet.

[7]  A. Clark,et al.  Role of Dual Specificity Phosphatases in Biological Responses to Glucocorticoids* , 2008, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[8]  P. Calverley,et al.  Effect of pharmacotherapy on rate of decline of lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the TORCH study. , 2008, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[9]  I. Adcock,et al.  Molecular mechanisms of corticosteroid resistance. , 2008, Chest.

[10]  M. V. Van Natta,et al.  Effect of Long-term Corticosteroid Use on Bone Mineral Density in Children: A Prospective Longitudinal Assessment in the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) Study , 2008, Pediatrics.

[11]  K. Chung Asthma Treatments: Effects on the Airway Smooth Muscle , 2008 .

[12]  S. Farrow Nuclear receptors: doubling up in the lung. , 2008, Current opinion in pharmacology.

[13]  D. Sin,et al.  The effects of fluticasone with or without salmeterol on systemic biomarkers of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2008, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[14]  I. Adcock,et al.  Multifaceted mechanisms in COPD: inflammation, immunity, and tissue repair and destruction , 2008, European Respiratory Journal.

[15]  B. Rothschild Review: individual DMARDs have similar efficacy for RA, but combination therapy improves response , 2008, Evidence-based medicine.

[16]  I. Adcock,et al.  Relative corticosteroid insensitivity of alveolar macrophages in severe asthma compared with non-severe asthma , 2008, Thorax.

[17]  I. Adcock,et al.  Overcoming steroid insensitivity in smoking asthmatics. , 2008, Current opinion in investigational drugs.

[18]  G. Haegeman,et al.  Selective transrepression versus transactivation mechanisms by glucocorticoid receptor modulators in stress and immune systems. , 2008, European journal of pharmacology.

[19]  L. Fabbri,et al.  Increased activation of p38 MAPK in COPD , 2008, European Respiratory Journal.

[20]  R. Lutter,et al.  Long-Term Effects of Budesonide on Inflammatory Status in COPD , 2008, COPD.

[21]  E. Vajda,et al.  Antiinflammatory glucocorticoid receptor ligand with reduced side effects exhibits an altered protein–protein interaction profile , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[22]  H. Magnussen,et al.  Budesonide/formoterol for maintenance and relief in uncontrolled asthma vs. high-dose salmeterol/fluticasone. , 2007, Respiratory medicine.

[23]  T. Wilt,et al.  Management of Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review for a Clinical Practice Guideline , 2007, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[24]  N. Moore,et al.  Steroid receptor phosphorylation: a key modulator of multiple receptor functions. , 2007, Molecular endocrinology.

[25]  K. Asadullah,et al.  Selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists (SEGRAs): Novel ligands with an improved therapeutic index , 2007, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.

[26]  P. Högger,et al.  Human receptor kinetics and lung tissue retention of the enhanced-affinity glucocorticoid fluticasone furoate , 2007, Respiratory research.

[27]  L. Fabbri,et al.  Effect of 1-year treatment with roflumilast in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2007, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[28]  K. Schechtman,et al.  Epithelial cell proliferation contributes to airway remodeling in severe asthma. , 2007, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[29]  H. Derendorf Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Inhaled Ciclesonide , 2007, Journal of clinical pharmacology.

[30]  P. Chanez,et al.  Specificity of basement membrane thickening in severe asthma. , 2007, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[31]  Hao Li,et al.  Determinants of Cell- and Gene-Specific Transcriptional Regulation by the Glucocorticoid Receptor , 2007, PLoS genetics.

[32]  G. Canonica,et al.  Rescue use of beclomethasone and albuterol in a single inhaler for mild asthma. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[33]  E. Israel,et al.  Smoking affects response to inhaled corticosteroids or leukotriene receptor antagonists in asthma. , 2007, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[34]  L. Fabbri,et al.  Beclomethasone/formoterol versus budesonide/formoterol combination therapy in asthma , 2007, European Respiratory Journal.

[35]  I. Adcock,et al.  Therapeutic Potential of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Inhibitors in Inflammatory Respiratory Disease , 2007, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

[36]  D. Sin,et al.  Systemic inflammation and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2007, Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.

[37]  Bing Li,et al.  The Role of Chromatin during Transcription , 2007, Cell.

[38]  Bartolome Celli,et al.  Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[39]  D. Curran‐Everett,et al.  Characterization of the severe asthma phenotype by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Severe Asthma Research Program. , 2007, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[40]  P. O'Byrne,et al.  The effects of inhaled budesonide and formoterol in combination and alone when given directly after allergen challenge. , 2007, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[41]  F. Dequiedt,et al.  Recruitment of chromatin‐modifying enzymes by CTIP2 promotes HIV‐1 transcriptional silencing , 2007, The EMBO journal.

[42]  Tonya S. King,et al.  The Predicting Response to Inhaled Corticosteroid Efficacy (PRICE) trial. , 2007, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

[43]  P. Paggiaro,et al.  Inhaled fluticasone propionate is effective as well as oral prednisone in reducing sputum eosinophilia during exacerbations of asthma which do not require hospitalization. , 2006, Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[44]  K. Rabe,et al.  Effect of budesonide in combination with formoterol for reliever therapy in asthma exacerbations: a randomised controlled, double-blind study , 2006, The Lancet.

[45]  A. Woodcock,et al.  Inhaled steroid/long-acting β2 agonist combination products provide 24 hours improvement in lung function in adult asthmatic patients , 2006, Respiratory Research.

[46]  B. O'connor,et al.  Systemic glucocorticoid reduces bronchial mucosal activation of activator protein 1 components in glucocorticoid-sensitive but not glucocorticoid-resistant asthmatic patients. , 2006, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[47]  I. Adcock,et al.  Relative corticosteroid insensitivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in severe asthma. , 2006, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[48]  I. Adcock,et al.  Oxidative stress and redox regulation of lung inflammation in COPD , 2006, European Respiratory Journal.

[49]  H. Reddel,et al.  Pharmacological strategies for self-management of asthma exacerbations , 2006, European Respiratory Journal.

[50]  W. MacNee,et al.  The effect of smoking on the transcriptional regulation of lung inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2006, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[51]  H. Chrystyn,et al.  Emitted dose estimates from Seretide Diskus and Symbicort Turbuhaler following inhalation by severe asthmatics. , 2006, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[52]  I. Pavord,et al.  Antiinflammatory effects of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate in chronic obstructive lung disease. , 2006, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[53]  Richard J Martin,et al.  Increased glucocorticoid receptor beta alters steroid response in glucocorticoid-insensitive asthma. , 2006, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[54]  D. Sin,et al.  Corticosteroids and adrenoceptor agonists: the compliments for combination therapy in chronic airways diseases. , 2006, European journal of pharmacology.

[55]  I. Adcock,et al.  Update on glucocorticoid action and resistance. , 2006, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[56]  C. Goldfrad,et al.  Asthma control can be maintained when fluticasone propionate/salmeterol in a single inhaler is stepped down. , 2006, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[57]  R. Lutter,et al.  Adding salmeterol to an inhaled corticosteroid: long term effects on bronchial inflammation in asthma , 2006, Thorax.

[58]  I. Adcock,et al.  Histone deacetylase 2–mediated deacetylation of the glucocorticoid receptor enables NF-κB suppression , 2006, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[59]  A. Wanner,et al.  Inhaled corticosteroids: effects on the airway vasculature in bronchial asthma , 2006, European Respiratory Journal.

[60]  M. Dallman,et al.  Reversing the defective induction of IL-10-secreting regulatory T cells in glucocorticoid-resistant asthma patients. , 2005, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[61]  S. Pedersen Clinical Safety of Inhaled Corticosteroids for Asthma in Children , 2006, Drug safety.

[62]  N. P. Adamsa,et al.  The dose – response characteristics of inhaled corticosteroids when used to treat asthma : An overview of Cochrane systematic reviews , 2006 .

[63]  P. Dorinsky,et al.  The Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial: a comparison of usual pharmacotherapy for asthma or usual pharmacotherapy plus salmeterol. , 2006, Chest.

[64]  C. Hawrylowicz Regulatory T cells and IL-10 in allergic inflammation , 2005, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[65]  S. Bowler,et al.  Doubling daily inhaled corticosteroid dose is ineffective in mild to moderately severe attacks of asthma in adults , 2005, Internal medicine journal.

[66]  R. Lutter,et al.  Adding salmeterol to an inhaled corticosteroid reduces allergen-induced serum IL-5 and peripheral blood eosinophils. , 2005, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[67]  D. Price,et al.  Budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy: an effective asthma treatment option? , 2005, European Respiratory Journal.

[68]  M. Ní Chróinín,et al.  Combination of inhaled long-acting beta2-agonists and inhaled steroids versus higher dose of inhaled steroids in children and adults with persistent asthma. , 2005, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[69]  Malcolm Johnson,et al.  Glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation in airway cells after inhaled combination therapy. , 2005, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[70]  A. Hoffmann,et al.  Molecular Determinants of Crosstalk between Nuclear Receptors and Toll-like Receptors , 2005, Cell.

[71]  H. Hoogsteden,et al.  Formoterol added to low-dose budesonide has no additional antiinflammatory effect in asthmatic patients. , 2005, Chest.

[72]  A. Knox,et al.  β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists, Like Glucocorticoids, Repress Eotaxin Gene Transcription by Selective Inhibition of Histone H4 Acetylation 1 , 2005, The Journal of Immunology.

[73]  D. Postma,et al.  Withdrawal of fluticasone propionate from combined salmeterol/fluticasone treatment in patients with COPD causes immediate and sustained disease deterioration: a randomised controlled trial , 2005, Thorax.

[74]  I. Adcock,et al.  Decreased histone deacetylase activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[75]  Sean D Sullivan,et al.  Daily versus as-needed corticosteroids for mild persistent asthma. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[76]  L. Boulet,et al.  The CONCEPT trial: a 1-year, multicenter, randomized,double-blind, double-dummy comparison of a stable dosing regimen of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate with an adjustable maintenance dosing regimen of formoterol/budesonide in adults with persistent asthma. , 2005, Clinical therapeutics.

[77]  D. Sin,et al.  Bmc Pulmonary Medicine Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids on Sputum Cell Counts in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: a Systematic Review and a Meta-analysis , 2022 .

[78]  H. Bisgaard,et al.  Budesonide/formoterol combination therapy as both maintenance and reliever medication in asthma. , 2005, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[79]  D. Sin,et al.  Effects of corticosteroids on systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2005, Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society.

[80]  R. Schleimer,et al.  An overview of glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory actions , 2005, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.

[81]  R. Pauwels,et al.  Can guideline-defined asthma control be achieved? The Gaining Optimal Asthma ControL study. , 2004, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[82]  S. Sullivan,et al.  Cost-effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2004, The American journal of medicine.

[83]  I. Adcock,et al.  Theophylline Restores Histone Deacetylase Activity and Steroid Responses in COPD Macrophages , 2004, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[84]  K. Broadley,et al.  Comparative effects of inhaled budesonide and the NO-donating budesonide derivative, NCX 1020, against leukocyte influx and airway hyperreactivity following lipopolysaccharide challenge. , 2004, Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[85]  D. Sin,et al.  Pharmacological management to reduce exacerbations in adults with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2004, JAMA.

[86]  P. Barnes,et al.  Parameters associated with persistent airflow obstruction in chronic severe asthma , 2004, European Respiratory Journal.

[87]  K. Chung,et al.  Doubling the dose of budesonide versus maintenance treatment in asthma exacerbations , 2004, Thorax.

[88]  P. Paré,et al.  The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[89]  S. Suissa Inhaled steroids and mortality in COPD: bias from unaccounted immortal time , 2004, European Respiratory Journal.

[90]  I. Adcock,et al.  Corticosteroid resistance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: inactivation of histone deacetylase , 2004, The Lancet.

[91]  A. Tattersfield,et al.  Doubling the dose of inhaled corticosteroid to prevent asthma exacerbations: randomised controlled trial , 2004, The Lancet.

[92]  Elmar Wahle,et al.  Messenger RNA Turnover in Eukaryotes: Pathways and Enzymes , 2004, Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology.

[93]  Hartmut Derendorf,et al.  How the lung handles drugs: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled corticosteroids. , 2004, Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society.

[94]  S. Suissa,et al.  Inhaled and nasal corticosteroid use and the risk of fracture. , 2004, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[95]  S. Farrow,et al.  Designing corticosteroid drugs for pulmonary selectivity. , 2004, Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society.

[96]  I. Adcock,et al.  Combination Therapy of Long-Acting β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists and Corticosteroids for Asthma , 2004, Treatments in respiratory medicine.

[97]  Anthony W. Norman,et al.  Steroid-hormone rapid actions, membrane receptors and a conformational ensemble model , 2004, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[98]  K. Asadullah,et al.  Dissociation of transactivation from transrepression by a selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist leads to separation of therapeutic effects from side effects , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[99]  P. Calverley,et al.  Maintenance therapy with budesonide and formoterol in chronicobstructive pulmonary disease , 2003, European Respiratory Journal.

[100]  N. Anthonisen,et al.  Contemporary management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: scientific review. , 2003, JAMA.

[101]  I. Adcock,et al.  Glucocorticoid Receptor Nitration Leads to Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Novel Steroid Ligands 1 , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.

[102]  N. Hanania,et al.  The Efficacy and Safety of Fluticasone Propionate (250 μg)/Salmeterol (50 μg) Combined in the Diskus Inhaler for the Treatment of COPD , 2003 .

[103]  S. Durham,et al.  Systematic assessment of difficult-to-treat asthma , 2003, European Respiratory Journal.

[104]  C. Strange,et al.  Long-Term Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids on FEV1 in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease , 2003, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[105]  G. Todd Adrenal crisis due to inhaled steroids is underestimated , 2003, Archives of disease in childhood.

[106]  M. Aubier,et al.  Airway structural alterations selectively associated with severe asthma. , 2003, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[107]  William W Busse,et al.  Early intervention with budesonide in mild persistent asthma: a randomised, double-blind trial , 2003, The Lancet.

[108]  A. Tattersfield,et al.  Plasma concentrations of fluticasone propionate and budesonide following inhalation from dry powder inhalers by healthy and asthmatic subjects , 2003, Thorax.

[109]  R. Pauwels,et al.  Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial , 2003, The Lancet.

[110]  P. Jones,et al.  Disease severity and the effect of fluticasone propionate on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations , 2003, European Respiratory Journal.

[111]  R. Sansores,et al.  Efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , 2003, European Respiratory Journal.

[112]  T. Reiss,et al.  Distribution of therapeutic response in asthma control between oral montelukast and inhaled beclomethasone , 2003, European Respiratory Journal.

[113]  N. Hanania,et al.  The efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate (250 microg)/salmeterol (50 microg) combined in the Diskus inhaler for the treatment of COPD. , 2003, Chest.

[114]  P. Shah,et al.  Impaired inhibition by dexamethasone of cytokine release by alveolar macrophages from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2003, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[115]  N. Pride,et al.  Inhaled Corticosteroids With/Without Long-Acting β-Agonists Reduce the Risk of Rehospitalization and Death in COPD Patients , 2003, American journal of respiratory medicine : drugs, devices, and other interventions.

[116]  O. Johnell,et al.  Is there an association between inhaled corticosteroids and bone density in postmenopausal women? , 2003, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[117]  C. Strange,et al.  Long-term effects of inhaled corticosteroids on FEV1 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A meta-analysis. , 2003, Annals of internal medicine.

[118]  I. Adcock,et al.  Molecular interactions between glucocorticoids and long-acting β2-agonists , 2002 .

[119]  E. Israel,et al.  Effects of montelukast and beclomethasone on airway function and asthma control. , 2002, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[120]  C. Acerini,et al.  Survey of adrenal crisis associated with inhaled corticosteroids in the United Kingdom , 2002, Archives of disease in childhood.

[121]  J. van der Palen,et al.  Effect of discontinuation of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the COPE study. , 2002, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[122]  M. Roth,et al.  Interaction between glucocorticoids and β2 agonists on bronchial airway smooth muscle cells through synchronised cellular signalling , 2002, The Lancet.

[123]  J. Yates,et al.  Effectiveness of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol combination delivered via the Diskus device in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2002, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[124]  Khusru Asadullah,et al.  Mechanisms involved in the side effects of glucocorticoids. , 2002, Pharmacology & therapeutics.

[125]  N. Pride,et al.  Survival in COPD patients after regular use of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol in general practice , 2002, European Respiratory Journal.

[126]  P. Jeffery,et al.  Effects of fluticasone propionate on inflammatory cells in COPD: an ultrastructural examination of endobronchial biopsy tissue , 2002, Thorax.

[127]  I. Adcock,et al.  A molecular mechanism of action of theophylline: Induction of histone deacetylase activity to decrease inflammatory gene expression , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[128]  P. Jeffery,et al.  The effects of inhaled fluticasone on airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled biopsy study. , 2002, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[129]  I. Adcock,et al.  p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase-induced glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation reduces its activity: role in steroid-insensitive asthma. , 2002, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[130]  D. Johns,et al.  Airway inflammation, basement membrane thickening and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma , 2002, Thorax.

[131]  F. Maltais,et al.  Comparison of nebulized budesonide and oral prednisolone with placebo in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. , 2002, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[132]  K. J. Macleod,et al.  Influence of cigarette smoking on inhaled corticosteroid treatment in mild asthma , 2002, Thorax.

[133]  S. Umland,et al.  Review of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of glucocorticoids for use in asthma. , 2002, Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[134]  D. Postma,et al.  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2002, Clinical evidence.

[135]  C. Camargo,et al.  Early use of inhaled corticosteroids in the emergency department treatment of acute asthma. , 2012, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[136]  A Tattersfield,et al.  Low dose inhaled budesonide and formoterol in mild persistent asthma: the OPTIMA randomized trial. , 2001, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[137]  D. Postma,et al.  Corticosteroid-induced improvement in the PC20 of adenosine monophosphate is more closely associated with reduction in airway inflammation than improvement in the PC20 of methacholine. , 2001, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[138]  G. Fitzmaurice,et al.  Effects of inhaled glucocorticoids on bone density in premenopausal women. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[139]  J. Tu,et al.  Inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of mortality and readmission in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2001, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[140]  C. Sherman,et al.  Effects of withdrawal of inhaled steroids in men with severe irreversible airflow obstruction. , 2001, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[141]  O. Zetterström,et al.  Improved asthma control with budesonide/formoterol in a single inhaler, compared with budesonide alone. , 2001, The European respiratory journal.

[142]  J. Kips,et al.  Cytokines in asthma , 2001, European Respiratory Journal.

[143]  J. Cidlowski,et al.  Proinflammatory cytokines regulate human glucocorticoid receptor gene expression and lead to the accumulation of the dominant negative β isoform: A mechanism for the generation of glucocorticoid resistance , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[144]  L. Fabbri,et al.  Cellular and structural bases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2001, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[145]  G. Town,et al.  Bone mineral density in subjects with mild asthma randomised to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids or non-corticosteroid treatment for two years , 2001, Thorax.

[146]  R. Pauwels,et al.  Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. , 2001, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[147]  A. Tattersfield,et al.  Comparison of the systemic effects of fluticasone propionate and budesonide given by dry powder inhaler in healthy and asthmatic subjects , 2001, Thorax.

[148]  P. Gibson,et al.  Acute anti-inflammatory effects of inhaled budesonide in asthma: a randomized controlled trial. , 2001, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[149]  C. Cooper,et al.  Use of Inhaled Corticosteroids and Risk of Fractures , 2001, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[150]  J. Connett,et al.  Effect of inhaled triamcinolone on the decline in pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[151]  C. Rodrigo,et al.  Rapid-onset asthma attack: a prospective cohort study about characteristics and response to emergency department treatment. , 2000, Chest.

[152]  I. Pavord,et al.  Sputum eosinophilia and short-term response to prednisolone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial , 2000, The Lancet.

[153]  N Franklin Adkinson,et al.  Long-term effects of budesonide or nedocromil in children with asthma. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[154]  C. Cooper,et al.  Use of Oral Corticosteroids and Risk of Fractures , 2000 .

[155]  S. Spencer,et al.  Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of fluticasone propionate in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the ISOLDE trial , 2000, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[156]  R. Flower,et al.  Glucocorticoids act within minutes to inhibit recruitment of signalling factors to activated EGF receptors through a receptor‐dependent, transcription‐independent mechanism , 2000, British journal of pharmacology.

[157]  R. Hubbard,et al.  Inhaled corticosteroid use and bone-mineral density in patients with asthma , 2000, The Lancet.

[158]  A. Foresi,et al.  Low-dose budesonide with the addition of an increased dose during exacerbations is effective in long-term asthma control. On behalf of the Italian Study Group. , 2000, Chest.

[159]  I. Danta,et al.  Effect of an inhaled glucocorticosteroid on airway mucosal blood flow in mild asthma. , 2000, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[160]  W. Maziak,et al.  Effect of high dose inhaled steroid on cells, cytokines, and proteases in induced sputum in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 1999, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[161]  K. Chung,et al.  Neutrophilic inflammation in severe persistent asthma. , 1999, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[162]  S. Wenzel,et al.  Evidence that severe asthma can be divided pathologically into two inflammatory subtypes with distinct physiologic and clinical characteristics. , 1999, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[163]  S. Szefler Effects of Budesonide and Fluticasone on 24-Hour Plasma Cortisol.A Dose-Response Study , 1999, Pediatrics.

[164]  P. Sterk,et al.  Lung function and sputum characteristics of patients with severe asthma during an induced exacerbation by double-blind steroid withdrawal. , 1999, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[165]  D. Postma,et al.  Long-Term Treatment with Inhaled Budesonide in Persons with Mild Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Who Continue Smoking , 1999 .

[166]  P. Lange,et al.  Long-term effect of inhaled budesonide in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial , 1999, The Lancet.

[167]  A. Zwinderman,et al.  Effect of inhaled steroids on airway hyperresponsiveness, sputum eosinophils, and exhaled nitric oxide levels in patients with asthma , 1999, Thorax.

[168]  J. Vandenbroucke,et al.  Clinical control and histopathologic outcome of asthma when using airway hyperresponsiveness as an additional guide to long-term treatment. The AMPUL Study Group. , 1999, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[169]  J. Hogg Vascularity in asthmatic airways: relation to inhaled steroid dose , 1999, Thorax.

[170]  D. Postma,et al.  Long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide in persons with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who continue smoking. European Respiratory Society Study on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[171]  I. Adcock,et al.  Corticosteroid-resistant bronchial asthma is associated with increased c-fos expression in monocytes and T lymphocytes. , 1998, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[172]  P. Paggiaro,et al.  Multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial of inhaled fluticasone propionate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , 1998, The Lancet.

[173]  C. Rodrigo,et al.  Inhaled flunisolide for acute severe asthma. , 1998, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[174]  J. FitzGerald,et al.  Effect of inhaled formoterol and budesonide on exacerbations of asthma. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[175]  K. Chung,et al.  Inhaled corticosteroids increase interleukin-10 but reduce macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interferon-gamma release from alveolar macrophages in asthma. , 1998, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[176]  R. Day,et al.  Effects of budesonide and fluticasone on 24-hour plasma cortisol. A dose-response study. , 1997, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[177]  D. Postma,et al.  Effect of inhaled formoterol and budesonide on exacerbations of asthma. Formoterol and Corticosteroids Establishing Therapy (FACET) International Study Group. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[178]  R. Cumming,et al.  Use of inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of cataracts. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[179]  S. Wenzel,et al.  Bronchoscopic evaluation of severe asthma. Persistent inflammation associated with high dose glucocorticoids. , 1997, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[180]  A. Pesci,et al.  Inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate downregulates CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte activation in peripheral blood of patients with asthma. , 1997, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[181]  A. Casalini,et al.  Effect of short-term treatment with low-dose inhaled fluticasone propionate on airway inflammation and remodeling in mild asthma: a placebo-controlled study. , 1997, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[182]  J. Bousquet,et al.  Corticosteroid reversibility in COPD is related to features of asthma. , 1997, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[183]  A. Sousa,et al.  Effect of inhaled glucocorticoids on IL-1 beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 ra) expression in asthmatic bronchial epithelium. , 1997, Thorax.

[184]  J. Boivin,et al.  Inhaled and nasal glucocorticoids and the risks of ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma. , 1997, JAMA.

[185]  P. Barnes,et al.  Effects of inhaled and oral glucocorticoids on inflammatory indices in asthma and COPD. , 1997, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[186]  M. Levy,et al.  Comparison of short courses of oral prednisolone and fluticasone propionate in the treatment of adults with acute exacerbations of asthma in primary care. , 1996, Thorax.

[187]  A. Woolcock,et al.  Comparison of addition of salmeterol to inhaled steroids with doubling of the dose of inhaled steroids. , 1996, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[188]  B. Lipworth,et al.  Comparative adrenal suppression with inhaled budesonide and fluticasone propionate in adult asthmatic patients. , 1996, Thorax.

[189]  D. Yates,et al.  Changes in the dose of inhaled steroid affect exhaled nitric oxide levels in asthmatic patients. , 1996, The European respiratory journal.

[190]  M. Johnson,et al.  Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of inhaled glucocorticoids. , 1996, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[191]  G. Cox,et al.  Glucocorticoid treatment inhibits apoptosis in human neutrophils. Separation of survival and activation outcomes. , 1995, Journal of immunology.

[192]  P. Barnes,et al.  Inhaled glucocorticoids for asthma. , 1995, The New England journal of medicine.

[193]  R. Martin,et al.  Dysregulation of interleukin 4, interleukin 5, and interferon gamma gene expression in steroid-resistant asthma , 1995, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[194]  R. Schleimer,et al.  The effects of glucocorticoids on human eosinophils. , 1994, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[195]  T. Haahtela,et al.  Effects of reducing or discontinuing inhaled budesonide in patients with mild asthma. , 1994, The New England journal of medicine.

[196]  J. Oates,et al.  Effect of oral prednisone on airway inflammatory mediators in atopic asthma. , 1994, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[197]  P. Howarth,et al.  Inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate downregulates airway lymphocyte activation in atopic asthma. , 1994, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[198]  D. Postma,et al.  European Respiratory Society study on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (EUROSCOP): hypothesis and design. , 1992, The European respiratory journal.

[199]  W. R. Beam,et al.  Detection of alveolar macrophage-derived IL-1 beta in asthma. Inhibition with corticosteroids. , 1992, Journal of immunology.

[200]  T. Haahtela,et al.  A comparative study of the effects of an inhaled corticosteroid, budesonide, and a beta 2-agonist, terbutaline, on airway inflammation in newly diagnosed asthma: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group controlled trial. , 1992, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[201]  G. Guyatt,et al.  A research method to induce and examine a mild exacerbation of asthma by withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroid , 1992, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

[202]  P. Jeffery,et al.  Effects of treatment on airway inflammation and thickening of basement membrane reticular collagen in asthma. A quantitative light and electron microscopic study. , 1992, The American review of respiratory disease.

[203]  P. Howarth,et al.  Effect of an inhaled corticosteroid on airway inflammation and symptoms in asthma. , 1992, The American review of respiratory disease.

[204]  A. Tattersfield,et al.  Effect of inhaled budesonide on bronchial reactivity to histamine, exercise, and eucapnic dry air hyperventilation in patients with asthma. , 1991, Thorax.

[205]  T. Haahtela,et al.  Comparison of a beta 2-agonist, terbutaline, with an inhaled corticosteroid, budesonide, in newly detected asthma. , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[206]  A. Tattersfield,et al.  Time course of change in bronchial reactivity with an inhaled corticosteroid in asthma. , 1991, The American review of respiratory disease.

[207]  E. Juniper,et al.  Reduction of budesonide after a year of increased use: a randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether improvements in airway responsiveness and clinical asthma are maintained. , 1991, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[208]  A. Zwinderman,et al.  The effect of inhaled corticosteroids on the maximal degree of airway narrowing to methacholine in asthmatic subjects. , 1991, The American review of respiratory disease.

[209]  E. Juniper,et al.  Effect of long-term treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid (budesonide) on airway hyperresponsiveness and clinical asthma in nonsteroid-dependent asthmatics. , 1990, The American review of respiratory disease.

[210]  P. Venge,et al.  Inflammatory cells and eosinophilic activity in asthmatics investigated by bronchoalveolar lavage. The effects of antiasthmatic treatment with budesonide or terbutaline. , 1990, The American review of respiratory disease.

[211]  Peter J. Barnes,et al.  Chairman's Summary , 1990 .

[212]  P. Barnes,et al.  Effect of corticosteroids on airway hyperresponsiveness. , 1990, The American review of respiratory disease.

[213]  S. Peters,et al.  An assessment of the effects of glucocorticoids on degranulation, chemotaxis, binding to vascular endothelium and formation of leukotriene B4 by purified human neutrophils. , 1989, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[214]  P. Godard,et al.  High doses of inhaled corticosteroids in unstable chronic asthma. A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. , 1989, The American review of respiratory disease.

[215]  B. Weeke,et al.  Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchial mucosal biopsies in asthmatics undergoing long‐term high‐dose budesonide aerosol treatment , 1988, Allergy.

[216]  K. Chung Role of inflammation in the hyperreactivity of the airways in asthma. , 1986, Thorax.

[217]  R. Naclerio,et al.  The pharmacologic control of mediator release from human basophils and mast cells. , 1986, Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases.