Elastography Assessment of Liver Fibrosis: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference Statement

Chronic liver disease is a substantial worldwide problem. Its major consequence is increasing deposition of fibrous tissue within the liver, leading to the development of cirrhosis with its consequences, portal hypertension, hepatic insufficiency, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Different histol

[1]  V. de Lédinghen,et al.  Prospective comparison of transient elastography, Fibrotest, APRI, and liver biopsy for the assessment of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. , 2005, Gastroenterology.

[2]  Sabrina Fox‐Bosetti,et al.  Test–retest repeatability of MR elastography for noninvasive liver fibrosis assessment in hepatitis C , 2011, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[3]  Kunihiro Hosono,et al.  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: US-based acoustic radiation force impulse elastography. , 2010, Radiology.

[4]  Laurent Castera,et al.  Accuracy of liver stiffness measurement for the diagnosis of cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver diseases , 2006, Hepatology.

[5]  C. Corpechot,et al.  Gender and liver: Is the liver stiffness weaker in weaker sex? , 2006, Hepatology.

[6]  M. Yin,et al.  Cross-vendor validation of liver magnetic resonance elastography , 2015, Abdominal Imaging.

[7]  R. Nelson,et al.  Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging of the abdomen: demonstration of feasibility and utility. , 2005, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[8]  R. Standish,et al.  An appraisal of the histopathological assessment of liver fibrosis , 2006, Gut.

[9]  B. Garra.  Elastography: Current Status, Future Prospects, and Making It Work for You , 2011, Ultrasound quarterly.

[10]  F. Brunello,et al.  Reliability of transient elastography for the detection of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic viral hepatitis. , 2011, Journal of hepatology.

[11]  Da-Zhi Zhang.  [A brief report from The 58th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the study of liver diseases]. , 2008, Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology.

[12]  T. Matsumura,et al.  Breast disease: clinical application of US elastography for diagnosis. , 2006, Radiology.

[13]  M. Dumont,et al.  European Association for the Study of the Liver , 1971 .

[14]  V. de Lédinghen,et al.  Diagnosis of cirrhosis by transient elastography (FibroScan): a prospective study , 2005, Gut.

[15]  M. Ziol,et al.  Assessment of biliary fibrosis by transient elastography in patients with PBC and PSC , 2006, Hepatology.

[16]  Mark Palmeri,et al.  Parameters affecting the resolution and accuracy of 2-D quantitative shear wave images , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[17]  M. Friedrich-Rust,et al.  Acoustic radiation force impulse-imaging and transient elastography for non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis and steatosis in NAFLD. , 2012, European journal of radiology.

[18]  D. Rubens,et al.  Mouse liver dispersion for the diagnosis of early-stage Fatty liver disease: a 70-sample study. , 2014, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[19]  Abdullah Alturki,et al.  RSNA/QIBA: Shear wave speed as a biomarker for liver fibrosis staging , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS).

[20]  Radu Badea,et al.  Analysis of histopathological changes that influence liver stiffness in chronic hepatitis C. Results from a cohort of 324 patients. , 2008, Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD.

[21]  M. Fink,et al.  The variance of quantitative estimates in shear wave imaging: Theory and experiments , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[22]  J. Macías,et al.  Liver Stiffness as a Predictor of Esophageal Varices Requiring Therapy in HIV/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Patients With Cirrhosis , 2009, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

[23]  G E Trahey,et al.  In vivo visualization of abdominal malignancies with acoustic radiation force elastography , 2008, Physics in medicine and biology.

[24]  Z. Goodman.  Grading and staging systems for inflammation and fibrosis in chronic liver diseases. , 2007, Journal of hepatology.

[25]  G. Ferraioli,et al.  Ultrasound point shear wave elastography assessment of liver and spleen stiffness: effect of training on repeatability of measurements , 2014, European Radiology.

[26]  Chang Duck Kim,et al.  The effect of the respiratory cycle on liver stiffness values as measured by transient elastography , 2011, Journal of viral hepatitis.

[27]  Mickael Tanter,et al.  Ultrafast imaging in biomedical ultrasound , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control.

[28]  A. Craxì,et al.  Hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance are associated with severe fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis caused by HBV or HCV infection , 2011, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[29]  O H Gilja,et al.  EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations on the Clinical Use of Ultrasound Elastography.Part 2: Clinical Applications , 2013, Ultraschall in der Medizin.

[30]  Julien Vergniol,et al.  Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis with impulse elastography: comparison of Supersonic Shear Imaging with ARFI and FibroScan®. , 2014, Journal of hepatology.

[31]  F. Carrat,et al.  Noninvasive elastography‐based assessment of liver fibrosis progression and prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis , 2012, Hepatology.

[32]  S. Mueller,et al.  Non-invasive diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease. , 2014, World journal of gastroenterology.

[33]  M. Attanasio,et al.  Comparison of Transient Elastography and Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse for Non-Invasive Staging of Liver Fibrosis in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C , 2011, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[34]  Mathias Fink,et al.  Early detection of steatohepatitis in fatty rat liver by using MR elastography. , 2009, Radiology.

[35]  M. Manns,et al.  Food intake increases liver stiffness in patients with chronic or resolved hepatitis C virus infection , 2009, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[36]  F. Marra,et al.  Accuracy and reproducibility of transient elastography for the diagnosis of fibrosis in pediatric nonalcoholic steatohepatitis , 2008, Hepatology.

[37]  Christos Christidis,et al.  Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis C , 2005, Hepatology.

[38]  Laurent Castera,et al.  Non-invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis using transient elastography. , 2008, Journal of hepatology.

[39]  Mohammad Hassan Murad,et al.  Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance elastography in staging liver fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. , 2015, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[40]  Vincent Wai-Sun Wong,et al.  Hepatitis B virus genotype C is associated with more severe liver fibrosis than genotype B. , 2009, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[41]  A. Manduca,et al.  Magnetic resonance elastography by direct visualization of propagating acoustic strain waves. , 1995, Science.

[42]  Gunda Millonig,et al.  Extrahepatic cholestasis increases liver stiffness (FibroScan) irrespective of fibrosis , 2008, Hepatology.

[43]  Jingfeng Jiang,et al.  Linear and Nonlinear Elastic Modulus Imaging: An Application to Breast Cancer Diagnosis , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[44]  M. Lupsor,et al.  Performance of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse imaging for the staging of liver fibrosis: a pooled meta‐analysis , 2012, Journal of viral hepatitis.

[45]  R. Sacco,et al.  Transient elastography: a new surrogate marker of liver fibrosis influenced by major changes of transaminases , 2007, Journal of viral hepatitis.

[46]  Gunda Millonig,et al.  Liver stiffness is directly influenced by central venous pressure. , 2010, Journal of hepatology.

[47]  J. Talwalkar,et al.  Accuracy of spleen stiffness measurement in detection of esophageal varices in patients with chronic liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2014, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[48]  K. Nightingale.  Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) Imaging: a Review. , 2011, Current medical imaging reviews.

[49]  Eva Herrmann,et al.  Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis: a meta-analysis. , 2008, Gastroenterology.

[50]  Xavier Forns,et al.  Longitudinal Liver Stiffness Assessment in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Undergoing Antiviral Therapy , 2012, PloS one.

[51]  J. Bruix,et al.  Management of hepatocellular carcinoma , 2005, Hepatology.

[52]  Pierre Bedossa,et al.  Non‐invasive assessment of liver fibrosis by stiffness measurement in patients with chronic hepatitis B , 2009, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[53]  R. Myers,et al.  FibroTest and FibroScan for the Prediction of Hepatitis C-Related Fibrosis: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Test Accuracy , 2007, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[54]  Dario Conte,et al.  Reproducibility of transient elastography in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease , 2007, Gut.

[55]  Tsuyoshi Shiina,et al.  WFUMB guidelines and recommendations for clinical use of ultrasound elastography: Part 3: liver. , 2015, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[56]  Ralph Sinkus,et al.  Magnetic resonance elastography for the noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis. , 2008, Gastroenterology.

[57]  R. Ehman,et al.  Magnetic resonance elastography of liver: Technique, analysis, and clinical applications , 2013, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[58]  G. Ferraioli,et al.  Point shear wave elastography method for assessing liver stiffness. , 2014, World journal of gastroenterology.

[59]  Pengfei Song,et al.  Bias observed in time-of-flight shear wave speed measurements using radiation force of a focused ultrasound beam. , 2011, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[60]  H. Cortez‐Pinto,et al.  Non-invasive diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A critical appraisal. , 2013, Journal of hepatology.

[61]  R. Ehman,et al.  Magnetic resonance elastography of liver. , 2014, Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America.

[62]  J. Pawlotsky,et al.  Noninvasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. , 2005, MedGenMed : Medscape general medicine.

[63]  G. Ferraioli,et al.  Accuracy of real‐time shear wave elastography for assessing liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C: A pilot study , 2012, Hepatology.

[64]  B. Garra,et al.  AN OVERVIEW OF ELASTOGRAPHY - AN EMERGING BRANCH OF MEDICAL IMAGING. , 2011, Current medical imaging reviews.

[65]  Kevin J Parker,et al.  Physical models of tissue in shear fields. , 2014, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[66]  J. Rubin,et al.  A new nonlinear parameter in the developed strain-to-applied strain of the soft tissues and its application in ultrasound elasticity imaging. , 2012, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[67]  A. Burroughs,et al.  Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis: The clinical context and question are important , 2011, Hepatology.

[68]  Xiaohua Li,et al.  I148M variant of PNPLA3 confer increased risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease not only in European population, but also in Chinese population , 2011, Hepatology.

[69]  John F. Flaherty,et al.  Regression of cirrhosis during treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for chronic hepatitis B: a 5-year open-label follow-up study , 2013, The Lancet.

[70]  Ioan Sporea,et al.  Meta‐analysis: ARFI elastography versus transient elastography for the evaluation of liver fibrosis , 2013, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[71]  V. de Lédinghen,et al.  Comparison of eight diagnostic algorithms for liver fibrosis in hepatitis C: new algorithms are more precise and entirely noninvasive , 2012, Hepatology.

[72]  H. Kirikoshi,et al.  Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). , 2008, Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver.

[73]  G. Leandro,et al.  Impact of liver biopsy size on histological evaluation of chronic viral hepatitis: the smaller the sample, the milder the disease. , 2003, Journal of hepatology.

[74]  Maggie Westby,et al.  Diagnosis and management of chronic hepatitis B in children, young people, and adults: summary of NICE guidance , 2013, BMJ.

[75]  Tsuyoshi Shiina,et al.  WFUMB guidelines and recommendations for clinical use of ultrasound elastography: Part 1: basic principles and terminology. , 2015, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[76]  S. Emelianov,et al.  Shear wave elasticity imaging: a new ultrasonic technology of medical diagnostics. , 1998, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[77]  J. Bosch,et al.  Real-time shear-wave elastography: applicability, reliability and accuracy for clinically significant portal hypertension. , 2015, Journal of hepatology.

[78]  D. Rubens,et al.  Shear wave dispersion measures liver steatosis. , 2012, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[79]  E. Schiff,et al.  Sampling error and intraobserver variation in liver biopsy in patients with chronic HCV infection , 2002, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[80]  H. Makhlouf,et al.  Pathologic criteria for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Interprotocol agreement and ability to predict liver‐related mortality , 2011, Hepatology.

[81]  E. Tapper,et al.  FibroScan (vibration-controlled transient elastography): where does it stand in the United States practice. , 2015, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[82]  S. Milani,et al.  Reliability of transient elastography for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C , 2008, Gut.

[83]  L. Sobin,et al.  The morphology of cirrhosis: definition, nomenclature, and classification. , 1977, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[84]  J. R. Doherty,et al.  Acoustic radiation force elasticity imaging in diagnostic ultrasound , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[85]  G. Casazza,et al.  Measurement of spleen stiffness to evaluate portal hypertension and the presence of esophageal varices in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis. , 2012, Gastroenterology.

[86]  Hui Zhu,et al.  Performance of magnetic resonance elastography and diffusion‐weighted imaging for the staging of hepatic fibrosis: A meta‐analysis , 2012, Hepatology.

[87]  M. Brunetto,et al.  Liver stiffness in the hepatitis B virus carrier: a non-invasive marker of liver disease influenced by the pattern of transaminases. , 2008, World journal of gastroenterology.

[88]  R Moreno-Otero,et al.  Transient elastography: a valid alternative to biopsy in patients with chronic liver disease , 2006, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[89]  M. Bilodeau,et al.  An update on the management of hepatitis C: consensus guidelines from the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver. , 2012, Canadian journal of gastroenterology = Journal canadien de gastroenterologie.

[90]  Julien Vergniol,et al.  Diagnosis of fibrosis and cirrhosis using liver stiffness measurement in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease , 2010, Hepatology.

[91]  J. Macías,et al.  The use of transient elastometry for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with HIV and hepatitis C virus coinfection. , 2007, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[92]  S. Friedman,et al.  Now there are many (stages) where before there was one: In search of a pathophysiological classification of cirrhosis , 2010, Hepatology.

[93]  Richard L Ehman,et al.  Cross‐validation of magnetic resonance elastography and ultrasound‐based transient elastography: A preliminary phantom study , 2009, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[94]  Mirko D'Onofrio,et al.  Tissue quantification with acoustic radiation force impulse imaging: Measurement repeatability and normal values in the healthy liver. , 2010, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[95]  X. Forns,et al.  Efficacy of antiviral therapy on hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation: a randomized controlled study. , 2007, Gastroenterology.

[96]  Z. Younossi,et al.  Epidemiology and natural history of NAFLD and NASH. , 2007, Clinics in liver disease.

[97]  E. Cholongitas,et al.  Elastography for the diagnosis of severity of fibrosis in chronic liver disease: a meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy. , 2011, Journal of hepatology.

[98]  William M. Lee,et al.  Complication rate of percutaneous liver biopsies among persons with advanced chronic liver disease in the HALT-C trial. , 2010, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[99]  Ioan Sporea,et al.  Comparative study concerning the value of acoustic radiation force impulse elastography (ARFI) in comparison with transient elastography (TE) for the assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C. , 2012, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[100]  P. Bedossa,et al.  Diagnostic accuracy of FibroScan and comparison to liver fibrosis biomarkers in chronic viral hepatitis: a multicenter prospective study (the FIBROSTIC study). , 2010, Journal of hepatology.

[101]  V. de Lédinghen,et al.  Pitfalls of liver stiffness measurement: A 5‐year prospective study of 13,369 examinations , 2010, Hepatology.

[102]  K. Nouso,et al.  Measurement of spleen stiffness by acoustic radiation force impulse imaging identifies cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices. , 2013, Gastroenterology.

[103]  F. Oberti,et al.  Reproducibility of liver stiffness measurement by ultrasonographic elastometry. , 2008, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[104]  Dieter Häussinger,et al.  Transient elastography is unreliable for detection of cirrhosis in patients with acute liver damage , 2007, Hepatology.

[105]  J. Feld,et al.  An update on the management of chronic hepatitis C: 2015 Consensus guidelines from the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver. , 2012, Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology.

[106]  Mathieu Couade,et al.  Noninvasive in vivo liver fibrosis evaluation using supersonic shear imaging: a clinical study on 113 hepatitis C virus patients. , 2011, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[107]  Richard D Moore,et al.  Assessment of liver fibrosis by transient elastography in persons with hepatitis C virus infection or HIV-hepatitis C virus coinfection. , 2009, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[108]  S. Bota,et al.  Is it better to use two elastographic methods for liver fibrosis assessment? , 2011, World journal of gastroenterology.

[109]  Ioan Sporea,et al.  EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations on the Clinical , 2017 .

[110]  V. de Lédinghen,et al.  Determination of reliability criteria for liver stiffness evaluation by transient elastography , 2013, Hepatology.

[111]  Ioan Sporea,et al.  Intra- and interoperator reproducibility of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography--preliminary results. , 2012, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[112]  G. Casazza,et al.  Etiology-related determinants of liver stiffness values in chronic viral hepatitis B or C. , 2011, Journal of hepatology.

[113]  D A Clevert,et al.  Comparing acoustic radiation force impulse imaging to transient elastography to assess liver stiffness in healthy volunteers with and without valsalva manoeuvre. , 2010, Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation.

[114]  S. Zeuzem,et al.  EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of hepatitis C virus infection. , 2011, Journal of hepatology.

[115]  B. Stotland,et al.  Liver biopsy complications and routine ultrasound. , 1996, The American journal of gastroenterology.