Real-time testing of power control implemented with IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging in wind farms featuring energy storage

The interconnection of Type-4 wind farms into weak distribution feeders may result in voltage rise and flicker concerns. This paper investigates a wind farm control scheme employing a slow-acting reactive power controller to regulate the steady-state voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) and a fast-acting active power controller, streaming from an embedded energy storage system (ESS) to mitigate flicker at the wind turbine terminals. Real-time hardware-in-loop (HIL) results have been obtained for the proposed power control strategy, emulating the distribution-feeder and wind turbines on a real-time digital simulator (RTDS) and the power control loops on a digital controller, communicating using the IEC 61850 GOOSE Messaging protocol. Flicker studies are conducted on a 25 kV distribution feeder using a flickermeter compliant to the IEC 61000-4-15 standard. Results demonstrate a short-term flicker level reduction up to 83%. Applicable utility grid codes and standards are considered throughout.

[1]  Dong-Choon Lee,et al.  Flicker mitigation in DFIG wind turbine systems , 2011, Proceedings of the 2011 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[2]  G. Joos,et al.  Reactive power coordination in DFIG based wind farms for voltage regulation & flicker mitigation , 2015, 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting.

[3]  Stavros A. Papathanassiou,et al.  Investigation of the flicker emission by grid connected wind turbines , 1998, 8th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX227).

[4]  P.W. Lehn,et al.  Simulation Model of Wind Turbine 3p Torque Oscillations due to Wind Shear and Tower Shadow , 2006, 2006 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition.

[5]  Geza Joos,et al.  A Short-Term Energy Storage System for Voltage Quality Improvement in Distributed Wind Power , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[6]  Zhe Chen,et al.  Flicker Mitigation by Speed Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Variable-Speed Wind Turbines , 2013 .

[7]  B. Dakyo,et al.  Large Band Simulation of the Wind Speed for Real-Time Wind Turbine Simulators , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[8]  G. Joos,et al.  Impact of Distributed Wind Generators Reactive Power Behavior on Flicker Severity , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[9]  F. Blaabjerg,et al.  Flicker study on variable speed wind turbines with doubly fed induction generators , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[10]  X. Guillaud,et al.  Testing power system controllers by real-time simulation , 2007, 2007 Large Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering.

[11]  A. Larsson,et al.  Flicker Emission of Wind Turbines during Continuous Operation , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[12]  G. Joos,et al.  Coordinated active/reactive power control for flicker mitigation in distributed wind power , 2012, 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[13]  D. Zaninelli,et al.  A Matlab-Simulink flickermeter model for power quality studies , 2004, 2004 11th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (IEEE Cat. No.04EX951).

[14]  M. Ammar.  Flicker Emission of distributed wind power: A review of impacts, modeling, grid codes and mitigation techniques , 2012, 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.