The Influence of Nanomaterials on the Thermal Resistance of Cement-Based Composites—A Review

Exposure to elevated temperatures has detrimental effects on the properties of cementitious composites, leading to irreversible changes, up to total failure. Various methods have been used to suppress the deterioration of concrete under elevated temperature conditions. Recently, nanomaterials have been introduced as admixtures, which decrease the thermal degradation of cement-based composites after exposure to high temperatures. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent developments related to the effects of nanoparticles on the thermal resistance of cementitious composites. The review provides an updated report on the effects of temperature on the properties of cement-based composites, as well as a detailed analysis of the available literature regarding the inclusion of nanomaterials and their effects on the thermal degradation of cementitious composites. The data from the studies reviewed indicate that the inclusion of nanoparticles in composites protects from strength loss, as well as contributing to a decrease in disruptive cracking, after thermal exposure. From all the nanomaterials presented, nanosilica has been studied the most extensively. However, there are other nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, nanoclays, nanoalumina or nano-iron oxides, that can be used to produce heat-resistant cementitious composites. Based on the data available, it can be concluded that the effects of nanomaterials have not been fully explored and that further investigations are required, so as to successfully utilize them in the production of heat-resistant cementitious composites.

[1]  H. El-Didamony,et al.  Behavior of composite cement pastes containing microsilica and fly ash at elevated temperature , 2013 .

[2]  S. Abo-El-Enein,et al.  Thermal resistance, microstructure and mechanical properties of type I Portland cement pastes containing low-cost nanoparticles , 2018, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.

[3]  Ma Qianmin,et al.  Mechanical properties of concrete at high temperature—A review , 2015 .

[4]  E. Horszczaruk,et al.  The Influence of Nano-Fe3O4 on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cementitious Composites , 2016, Nanoscale Research Letters.

[5]  Mohamed Heikal,et al.  Behavior of composite cement pastes containing silica nano-particles at elevated temperature , 2014 .

[6]  Abang Abdullah Abang Ali,et al.  Characterization of high strength mortars with nano Titania at elevated temperatures , 2013 .

[7]  Mohammad R. Irshidat,et al.  Thermal performance and fire resistance of nanoclay modified cementitious materials , 2018 .

[8]  M. Amin,et al.  Effect of addition of nano-magnetite on the hydration characteristics of hardened Portland cement and high slag cement pastes , 2013, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.

[9]  O. Arioz.  Effects of elevated temperatures on properties of concrete , 2007 .

[10]  A. Beaucour,et al.  Influence of steel and/or polypropylene fibres on the behaviour of concrete at high temperature: Spalling, transfer and mechanical properties , 2017 .

[11]  M. Taha,et al.  Fire resistance of high-volume fly ash mortars with nanosilica addition , 2012 .

[12]  Ali Nazari,et al.  Computer-aided design of the effects of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on split tensile strength and water permeability of high strength concrete , 2011 .

[13]  Jing Zhang,et al.  Effect of nanosilica on the axial tensile strength of SFRC at high temperature , 2014 .

[14]  P. Mondal,et al.  Effects of Nanosilica Addition on Increased Thermal Stability of Cement-Based Composite , 2014 .

[15]  F. Xing,et al.  Nano-Silica Sol-Gel and Carbon Nanotube Coupling Effect on the Performance of Cement-Based Materials , 2017, Nanomaterials.

[16]  S. Lucas.  Influence of operating parameters and ion doping on the photocatalytic activity of mortars containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles , 2017 .

[17]  C. Ho,et al.  Effect of Elevated Temperature on the Strength and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity of Glass Fiber and Nano-Clay Concrete , 2010 .

[18]  Mehran S. Razzaghi,et al.  Influence of Nano Particles on Durability and Mechanical Properties of High Performance Concrete , 2011 .

[19]  I. Hager,et al.  Behaviour of cement concrete at high temperature , 2013 .

[20]  Denvid Lau,et al.  Evaluation on mechanical enhancement and fire resistance of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced concrete , 2017 .

[21]  M. Sherif.  Effect of Elevated Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Nano Materials Concrete , 2020 .

[22]  S. Tighe,et al.  State-of-the-art report on use of nano-materials in concrete , 2014 .

[23]  Wei Sun,et al.  Mechanical and thermal properties of graphene sulfonate nanosheet reinforced sacrificial concrete at elevated temperatures , 2017 .

[24]  B. Tutikian,et al.  Microestrutura do concreto submetido a altas temperaturas: alterações físico-químicas e técnicas de análise , 2017 .

[25]  Ali Nazari,et al.  Effects of graphene oxide in enhancing the performance of concrete exposed to high-temperature , 2017 .

[26]  D. Ouyang,et al.  Properties of Cement Mortar and Ultra-High Strength Concrete Incorporating Graphene Oxide Nanosheets , 2017, Nanomaterials.

[27]  Maria S. Konsta-Gdoutos,et al.  Nano-modification of cementitious material: toward a stronger and durable concrete , 2016 .

[28]  Pradeep Bhargava,et al.  Spalling behaviour of nano SiO2 high strength concrete at elevated temperatures , 2013 .

[29]  A. M. Fadzil,et al.  Applications of using nano material in concrete: A review , 2017 .

[30]  Ewa Mijowska,et al.  Antimicrobial Activity of Al2O3, CuO, Fe3O4, and ZnO Nanoparticles in Scope of Their Further Application in Cement-Based Building Materials , 2018, Nanomaterials.

[31]  J. Armesto,et al.  Nano-Inclusions Applied in Cement-Matrix Composites: A Review , 2016, Materials.

[32]  Sudheer Kumar Singh,et al.  Studies on enhanced thermally stable high strength concrete incorporating silica nanoparticles , 2017 .

[33]  M. Heikal.  Characteristics, textural properties and fire resistance of cement pastes containing Fe2O3 nano-particles , 2016, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.

[34]  N. Iyer,et al.  Effect of high temperature on the properties of ternary blended cement pastes and mortars , 2015, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.

[35]  Q. Guo,et al.  Multiscale carbon nanosphere–carbon fiber reinforcement for cement-based composites with enhanced high-temperature resistance , 2015, Journal of Materials Science.

[36]  Guanglin Yuan,et al.  The use of surface coating in enhancing the mechanical properties and durability of concrete exposed to elevated temperature , 2015 .

[37]  Yousef A. Al-Salloum,et al.  Behavior of blended cement mortars containing nano-metakaolin at elevated temperatures , 2012 .

[38]  E. Horszczaruk,et al.  The effect of elevated temperature on the properties of cement mortars containing nanosilica and heavyweight aggregates , 2017 .

[39]  J. Ou,et al.  Smart and Multifunctional Concrete Toward Sustainable Infrastructures , 2017 .

[40]  M. Ozawa,et al.  Effects of various fibres on high-temperature spalling in high-performance concrete , 2014 .

[41]  K. M. Haneefa,et al.  Review of concrete performance at elevated temperature and hot sodium exposure applications in nuclear industry , 2013 .

[42]  N. Abdullah,et al.  Thermal durability of OPC pastes admixed with nano iron oxide , 2015 .

[43]  Guang Ye,et al.  Investigation of the structure of heated Portland cement paste by using various techniques , 2013 .

[44]  M. Fathi,et al.  Effects of fly ash and TiO2 nanoparticles on rheological, mechanical, microstructural and thermal properties of high strength self compacting concrete , 2013 .

[45]  Waiching Tang,et al.  Effect of Graphene Oxide (GO) on the Morphology and Microstructure of Cement Hydration Products , 2017, Nanomaterials.

[46]  Mohamed Heikal,et al.  Microstructure of composite cements containing blast-furnace slag and silica nano-particles subjected to elevated thermally treatment temperature , 2015 .

[47]  Xiang-guo Li,et al.  Effects of Nano-TiO2 on the Toughness and Durability of Cement-Based Material , 2015 .

[48]  J. de Brito,et al.  Review on concrete nanotechnology , 2016 .

[49]  U. Marushchak,et al.  Research of nanomodified portland cement compositions with high early age strength , 2016 .

[50]  J. M. Fernández,et al.  The Effect of TiO2 Doped Photocatalytic Nano-Additives on the Hydration and Microstructure of Portland and High Alumina Cements , 2017, Nanomaterials.

[51]  B. Gencturk,et al.  Effect of Elevated Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Limestone, Quartzite and Granite Concrete , 2016, International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials.

[52]  Morteza Bastami,et al.  Performance of nano-Silica modified high strength concrete at elevated temperatures , 2014 .

[53]  Yu. M. Shabatura,et al.  Development of nanomodifiedrapid hardening fiber-reinforced concretes for special-purpose facilities , 2018 .

[54]  Wei-Chien Wang.  Compressive strength and thermal conductivity of concrete with nanoclay under Various High-Temperatures , 2017 .

[55]  Abang Abdullah Abang Ali,et al.  Characterization of high strength mortars with nano alumina at elevated temperatures , 2013 .

[56]  F. Baeza,et al.  Carbon Nanofiber Cement Sensors to Detect Strain and Damage of Concrete Specimens Under Compression , 2017, Nanomaterials.

[57]  Mohd Zamin Jumaat,et al.  Incorporation of nano-materials in cement composite and geopolymer based paste and mortar – A review , 2017 .

[58]  Mohamed Heikal,et al.  Physico-mechanical, microstructure characteristics and fire resistance of cement pastes containing Al 2 O 3 nano-particles , 2015 .

[59]  P Smith,et al.  Resistance to Fire and High Temperatures , 1994 .

[60]  E. Horszczaruk,et al.  Characterization of Mechanical and Bactericidal Properties of Cement Mortars Containing Waste Glass Aggregate and Nanomaterials , 2016, Materials.

[61]  L. Singh,et al.  Beneficial role of nanosilica in cement based materials – A review , 2013 .

[62]  Z. Ye,et al.  Influences of nano-TiO2 on the properties of cement-based materials: Hydration and drying shrinkage , 2015 .

[63]  K. Willam,et al.  A multiscale model for modulus of elasticity of concrete at high temperatures , 2009 .

[64]  Y. Aggarwal,et al.  Use of nano-silica in cement based materials—A review , 2015 .

[65]  M. Taha,et al.  Strength and Microstructure of Mortar Containing Nanosilica at High Temperature , 2014 .

[66]  Surendra P. Shah,et al.  Comparative Study of the Effects of Microsilica and Nanosilica in Concrete , 2010 .

[67]  G. Khoury.  Effect of fire on concrete and concrete structures , 2000 .

[68]  Jeng-Ywan Shih,et al.  Material properties of portland cement paste with nano-montmorillonite , 2007 .

[69]  S. H. Alsayed,et al.  Effect of Nano-clay on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Ordinary Portland Cement Mortar , 2022 .

[70]  Jong-Pil Won,et al.  Strength and fire resistance of a high-strength nano-polymer modified cementitious composite , 2017 .

[71]  Ronan Hébert,et al.  Influence of the nature of aggregates on the behaviour of concrete subjected to elevated temperature , 2011 .

[72]  L. W. Zhang,et al.  Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical performance of CNT-reinforced cementitious composites at elevated temperatures , 2017 .

[73]  Evaluation of residual strength and durability aspect of concrete cube exposed to elevated temperature , 2017 .

[74]  Juan J. Gaitero,et al.  Reduction of the Calcium Leaching Rate of Cement Paste by Addition of Silica Nanoparticles , 2008 .

[75]  Azrul A Mutalib,et al.  A Review of Methods, Issues and Challenges of Small-scale Fire Testing of Tunnel Lining Concrete , 2016 .

[76]  Ch Best,et al.  Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials , 1978 .

[77]  Venkatesh Kodur,et al.  Properties of Concrete at Elevated Temperatures , 2014 .

[78]  M. Amin,et al.  Fire resistance and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes – clay bricks wastes (Homra) composites cement , 2015 .

[79]  Hasan Şahan Arel,et al.  Ageing management and life extension of concrete in nuclear power plants , 2017 .

[80]  Jing Zhang,et al.  High-temperature mechanical properties and microscopic analysis of nano-silica steel fibre RC , 2013 .