TerraSAR-X: science exploration of polarimetric and interferometric SAR

In this paper two selected system modes of TerraSAR-X, polarimetric SAR and repeat pass interferometric SAR will be investigated with respect to specific scientific applications. DLR is currently developing the ground segment and will coordinate the scientific exploitation of the data. Even if the primary mission goal was not SAR polarimetry and interferometry, TerraSAR-X offers a number of new perspectives to polarimetric and interferometric SAR when compared to current SAR Sensors. Concerning to SAR polarimetry: a) with the dual receive antenna an experimental fully polarimetric observation mode at X-band is feasible, b) first time exploration of the polarimetric scattering behavior of illuminated objects on ground from space at X-band, c) bio/geophysical parameter extraction from X-band. Concerning to SAR interferometry: a) The small wavelength and the high slant range resolution of 1 meter and better in stripmap and spotlight mode will allow the monitoring of smaller man made structures, e.g. parts of buildings. b) The high range bandwidth of 150 MHz up to 300 MHz will allow very large baselines for highly precise DEM generation. c) The higher observation frequency due to the short repeat cycle and variable incidence angles will allow temporal trend analyses of shorter time scales. d) The SAR antenna can be split along track for interferometric velocity measurements. e) Tight orbit, attitude and timing radar control will ensure a predictable and near optimal observation geometry and even allows burst synchronized ScanSAR-interferometry. KeywordsTerraSAR-X, X-band, repeat pass interferometric SAR, polarimetric SAR

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