Biomass-derived nanostructured porous carbons for lithium-sulfur batteries

Biomass has been utilized as an energy source for thousands of years typically in the form of wood and charcoal. Technological advances create new methodologies to extract energy and chemicals frombiomass. The biomass-derived nanostructured porous carbons (BDNPCs) are the most promising sulfur hosts and interlayers in rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. In this article, a comprehensive review is provided in the synthesis of nanostructured porous carbon materials for high-performance rechargeable Li-S batteries by using biomass. The performances of the Li-S batteries dependent on the porous structures (micro, meso and hierarchical) from BDNPCs are discussed, which can provide an in-depth understanding and guide rational design of high-performance cathode materials by using low-cost, sustainable and natural bio-precursors. Furthermore, the current existing challenges and the future research directions for enhancing the performance of Li-S batteries by using natural biomass materials are also addressed.摘要在人类发展的几千年中, 生物质材料被广泛应用于能源领域, 例如木材和木炭, 基于生物质材料便宜、 来源广泛、 可持续发展的优点, 采用先进的科学技术将生物质材料转换为功能化的纳米多孔碳材料, 并将其作为锂硫电池的正极材料和隔膜展现出了非常好的应用前景, 因此, 本综述介绍了以生物质为原材料制备的纳米多孔碳材料及其在锂硫电池中的应用, 并针对不同方法制备的生物质制备纳米多孔炭材料的孔结构(包括微孔、 介孔及分级孔)及其作为正极材料对于锂硫电池性能的影响进行了全面的总结, 这对合理利用生物质制备纳米多孔碳材料进一步提升锂硫电池的性能具有很好的指导作用, 最后, 本文指出了当前锂硫电池的问题及挑战, 并对进一步提升锂硫电池性能提供了有价值的观点和策略.

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