Flow Characterization in the ONERA F4 High-Enthalpy Wind Tunnel

Experimental results obtained in the ONERA F4 hot-shot wind tunnel have been analyzed to address two important problems for this type of wind tunnel, i.e., the determination of reservoir conditions and the thermochemical nature of the nozzle flow. Numerical tools (one-dimensional and two-dimensional inviscid or viscous, unsteady or space marching codes) are used to reproduce the results of the high-enthalpy experiments. To illustrate this approach, several runs are investigated with different arc-chamber material options, for which diode laser infrared absorption spectrometry (DLAS) has provided freestream velocity, translational temperature, and nitric oxide concentration measurements. The reservoir enthalpy can be determined using spherical and sharp-cone probe heat-transfer-rate measurements with adequate correlations. Recent direct measurements of freestream velocity with electron beam fluorescence time-of-flight technique are used to cross check DLAS and heat-transfer-rate probe results. Concerning the thermochemical nature of F4 nozzle flows, an unexpected conclusion is obtained, as the nozzle wall pressure and translational temperature are observed to be close to equilibrium values at high-enthalpy operating conditions

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