Human-centered content-based image retrieval

A breakthrough is needed in order to achieve a substantial progress in the field of Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). This breakthrough can be enforced by: 1) optimizing user-system interaction, 2) combining the wealth of techniques from text-based Information Retrieval with CBIR techniques, 3) exploiting human cognitive characteristics, especially human color processing, and 4) conducting benchmarks with users for evaluating new CBIR techniques. In this paper, these guidelines are illustrated by findings from our research conducted the last five years, which have lead to the development of the online Multimedia for Art ReTrieval (M4ART) system: http://www.m4art.org. The M4ART system follows the guidelines on all four issues and is assessed on benchmarks using 5730 queries on a database of 30,000 images. Therefore, M4ART can be considered as a first step into a new era of CBIR.

[1]  S. Sclaroff,et al.  ImageRover: a content-based image browser for the World Wide Web , 1997, 1997 Proceedings IEEE Workshop on Content-Based Access of Image and Video Libraries.

[2]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Data clustering: a review , 1999, CSUR.

[3]  John M. Gauch,et al.  The vision digital video library , 1997, Inf. Process. Manag..

[4]  P. J. Werkhoven Multimedia door een sleutelgat , 2003 .

[5]  Nikitas M. Sgouros,et al.  Computing, explaining and visualizing shape similarity in content-based image retrieval , 2005, Inf. Process. Manag..

[6]  HongJiang Zhang,et al.  Automatic video scene extraction by shot grouping , 2000, Proceedings 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. ICPR-2000.

[7]  Marcel Worring,et al.  Content-Based Image Retrieval at the End of the Early Years , 2000, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[8]  Shu-Yuan Chen,et al.  Retrieval of translated, rotated and scaled color textures , 2003, Pattern Recognit..

[9]  Egon L. van den Broek,et al.  Mimicking human texture classification , 2005, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[10]  Carla E. Brodley,et al.  ASSERT: A Physician-in-the-Loop Content-Based Retrieval System for HRCT Image Databases , 1999, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[11]  Neil J. Gunther,et al.  Benchmark for image retrieval using distributed systems over the Iinternet: BIRDS-I , 2000, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[12]  Sun-Yuan Kung,et al.  Biometric Authentication: A Machine Learning Approach , 2004 .

[13]  Pietro Perona,et al.  Learning Generative Visual Models from Few Training Examples: An Incremental Bayesian Approach Tested on 101 Object Categories , 2004, 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop.

[14]  Gloria Menegaz,et al.  A Discrete Model for Color Naming , 2007, EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process..

[15]  Jan Maarten Schraagen,et al.  Seeing is believing: communication performance under isotropic teleconferencing conditions , 2001 .

[16]  Marcel J. T. Reinders,et al.  Dating and Authentication of Rembrandt's Etchings with the Help of Computational Intelligence , 2001, ICHIM.

[17]  Matti Pietikäinen,et al.  Unsupervised texture segmentation using feature distributions , 1997, Pattern Recognit..

[18]  Raimondo Schettini,et al.  Using a Relevance Feedback Mechanism to Improve Content-Based Image Retrieval , 1999, VISUAL.

[19]  Egon L. van den Broek,et al.  Fast exact Euclidean distance (FEED) transformation , 2004, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004..

[20]  R.M. Haralick,et al.  Statistical and structural approaches to texture , 1979, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[21]  Sethuraman Panchanathan,et al.  Illumination invariant image indexing using moments and wavelets , 1998, J. Electronic Imaging.

[22]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Learning Texture Discrimination Masks , 1996, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[23]  Louis Vuurpijl,et al.  Modeling human color categorization: Color discrimination and color memory , 2003 .

[24]  R. M. Boynton,et al.  Locating basic colors in the OSA space , 1987 .

[25]  Mohan M. Trivedi,et al.  Segmentation of a high-resolution urban scene using texture operators , 1984, Comput. Vis. Graph. Image Process..

[26]  S. Sclaroff,et al.  Combining textual and visual cues for content-based image retrieval on the World Wide Web , 1998, Proceedings. IEEE Workshop on Content-Based Access of Image and Video Libraries (Cat. No.98EX173).

[27]  Leo Dorst,et al.  Modeling 3D Euclidean Geometry , 2003, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[28]  John R. Kender,et al.  Video scene segmentation via continuous video coherence , 1998, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No.98CB36231).

[29]  Paul A. M. Smeets,et al.  Functional MRI of human hypothalamic responses following glucose ingestion , 2005, NeuroImage.

[30]  Zhou Wang,et al.  Image Quality Assessment: From Error Measurement to Structural Similarity , 2004 .

[31]  Clement H. C. Leung,et al.  Benchmarking for Content-Based Visual Information Search , 2000, VISUAL.

[32]  Enrico Blanzieri,et al.  A multiple classifier system for early melanoma diagnosis , 2003, Artif. Intell. Medicine.

[33]  Egon L. van den Broek,et al.  Video surveillance using distance maps , 2006, Electronic Imaging.

[34]  Rachid Deriche,et al.  Active unsupervised texture segmentation on a diffusion based feature space , 2003, 2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[35]  J. Janesick,et al.  Scientific Charge-Coupled Devices , 2001 .

[36]  Michael J. Swain,et al.  The capacity of color histogram indexing , 1994, 1994 Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[37]  Fernand Meyer Automatic screening of cytological specimens , 1986 .

[38]  J. Wagemans,et al.  Detection of visual symmetries. , 1995, Spatial vision.

[39]  Bengt Göransson Usability Design : A framework for designing usable interactive systems in practice , 2001 .

[40]  E. R. Heider Universals in color naming and memory. , 1972, Journal of experimental psychology.

[41]  Egon L. van den Broek,et al.  Modeling human color categorization , 2008, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[42]  Guojun Lu,et al.  Evaluation of similarity measurement for image retrieval , 2003, International Conference on Neural Networks and Signal Processing, 2003. Proceedings of the 2003.

[43]  Benoit M. Macq,et al.  Fast and exact signed Euclidean distance transformation with linear complexity , 1999, 1999 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Proceedings. ICASSP99 (Cat. No.99CH36258).

[44]  J. C. Meadows Disturbed perception of colours associated with localized cerebral lesions. , 1974, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[45]  B. S. Manjunath,et al.  Using texture to analyze and manage large collections of remote sensed image and video data. , 2004, Applied optics.

[46]  Edward Y. Chang,et al.  PBIR-MM: multimodal image retrieval and annotation , 2002, MULTIMEDIA '02.

[47]  Rosalind W. Picard,et al.  Texture orientation for sorting photos "at a glance" , 1994, Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[48]  Catholijn M. Jonker,et al.  Modelling the dynamics of reasoning processes: Reasoning by assumption , 2003, Cognitive Systems Research.

[49]  G. Medioni,et al.  Content-based image retrieval: an overview , 2004 .

[50]  Sebastiano Battiato,et al.  Perceptive visual texture classification and retrieval , 2003, 12th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, 2003.Proceedings..

[51]  Christos Faloutsos,et al.  QBIC project: querying images by content, using color, texture, and shape , 1993, Electronic Imaging.

[52]  Guido C. H. E. de Croon,et al.  Multi-modal Information Retrieval Using FINT , 2004, CLEF.

[53]  Egon L. van den Broek,et al.  Parallel-Sequential Texture Analysis , 2005, ICAPR.

[54]  Marcel Worring,et al.  Classification of user image descriptions , 2004, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[55]  Aleksandra Mojsilovic,et al.  Adaptive perceptual color-texture image segmentation , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[56]  Henk J. A. M. Heijmans,et al.  Morphological Scale-Space Operators: An Algebraic Framework , 2000, ISMM.

[57]  V Blanz,et al.  On The Other Side of the Mean: The Perception of Dissimilarity in Human Faces , 2000, Perception.

[58]  Patrice Degoulet,et al.  A property concept frame representation for flexible image-content retrieval in histopathology databases , 2000, AMIA.

[59]  T. Gevers,et al.  UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Robust Histogram Construction from Color Invariants for Object Recognition , 2003 .

[60]  Shih-Fu Chang,et al.  VideoQ: an automated content based video search system using visual cues , 1997, MULTIMEDIA '97.

[61]  Peter G. B. Enser,et al.  Analysis of user need in image archives , 1997, J. Inf. Sci..

[62]  Theo E. Schouten,et al.  Three-dimensional fast exact Euclidean distance (3D-FEED) maps , 2006, Electronic Imaging.

[63]  Thomas P. Minka,et al.  An image database browser that learns from user interaction , 1996 .

[64]  Paul F. Whelan,et al.  Experiments in colour texture analysis , 2001, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[65]  E. Lenneberg,et al.  A study in language and cognition. , 1954, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[66]  James M. Nyce,et al.  From Memex To Hypertext: Vannevar Bush and the Mind's Machine , 1991 .

[67]  Louis Vuurpijl,et al.  The utilization of human color categorization for content-based image retrieval , 2004, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[68]  James Lee Hafner,et al.  Efficient Color Histogram Indexing for Quadratic Form Distance Functions , 1995, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[69]  Sarah A. Douglas,et al.  Do color models really make a difference? , 1996, CHI.

[70]  Theo E. Schouten,et al.  Timed fast exact Euclidean distance (tFEED) maps , 2005, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[71]  Jennifer Trant Image Retrieval Benchmark Database Service: A Needs Assessment and Preliminary Develoment Plan , 2004 .

[72]  Marek R. Ogiela,et al.  Semantic-oriented syntactic algorithms for content recognition and understanding of images in medical databases , 2001, IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2001. ICME 2001..

[73]  Rudolf Hanka,et al.  Semantic query processing and annotation generation for content-based retrieval of histological images , 2000, Medical Imaging.

[74]  Célia A. Zorzo Barcelos,et al.  Retrieval of textured images through the use of quantization and modal analysis , 2007, Pattern Recognit..

[75]  Marcel Worring,et al.  Multimodal Video Indexing : A Review of the State-ofthe-art , 2001 .

[76]  Louis Vuurpijl,et al.  SLOT: A research platform for investigating multimodal communication , 2003, Behavior research methods, instruments, & computers : a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.

[77]  Yihong Gong Advancing content-based image retrieval by exploiting image color and region features , 1999, Multimedia Systems.

[78]  Peter-Paul van Maanen,et al.  Towards Task Allocation Decision Support by means of Cognitive Modeling of Trust (Extended Abstract) , 2005, BNAIC.

[79]  Bernt Schiele,et al.  How many classifiers do I need? , 2002, Object recognition supported by user interaction for service robots.

[80]  Louis G. Vuurpijl,et al.  Design guidelines for a Content-Based Image Retrieval color-selection interface , 2004 .

[81]  Kuo-Chin Fan,et al.  Efficient matching of large-size histograms , 2004, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[82]  Milan Sonka,et al.  Image Processing, Analysis and Machine Vision , 1993, Springer US.

[83]  Frank Y. Shih,et al.  Size-invariant four-scan Euclidean distance transformation , 1998, Pattern Recognit..

[84]  Egon L. van den Broek,et al.  TACOP: a cognitive agent for a naval training simulation environment , 2005, AAMAS '05.

[85]  B. S. Manjunath,et al.  NeTra: A toolbox for navigating large image databases , 1997, Multimedia Systems.

[86]  Dawei Song,et al.  The document as an ergodic markov chain , 2004, SIGIR '04.

[87]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition , 2005, Springer Professional Computing.

[88]  Wen Gao,et al.  Unsupervised texture classification: Automatically discover and classify texture patterns , 2008, Image Vis. Comput..

[89]  O. Sacks,et al.  An anthropologist on Mars , 1994 .

[90]  Erkki Oja,et al.  Evaluating the Performance of Content-Based Image Retrieval Systems , 2000, VISUAL.

[91]  Adil Alpkocak,et al.  Clustering of Texture Features for Content-Based Image Retrieval , 2000, ADVIS.

[92]  Matti Pietikäinen,et al.  Classification with color and texture: jointly or separately? , 2004, Pattern Recognit..

[93]  Dragutin Petkovic,et al.  Query by Image and Video Content: The QBIC System , 1995, Computer.

[94]  Henning Müller,et al.  Relevance Feedback and Term Weighting Schemes for Content-Based Image Retrieval , 1999, VISUAL.

[95]  P. Danielsson Euclidean distance mapping , 1980 .

[96]  Ian R. L. Davies,et al.  A study of colour grouping in three languages: A test of the linguistic relativity hypothesis , 1998 .

[97]  Wei Ji Ma,et al.  A detection theory account of visual short-term memory for color , 2004 .

[98]  Max A. Viergever,et al.  Ridge-based vessel segmentation in color images of the retina , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[99]  Menno Israël,et al.  Automating the construction of scene classifiers for content-based video retrieval , 2004, KDD 2004.

[100]  Jarmo Takala,et al.  Distance Transform Algorithm for Bit-Serial SIMD Architectures , 1999, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[101]  H. Tagare,et al.  Medical image collection indexing: shape-based retrieval using KD-trees. , 1996, Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society.

[102]  Bram van Ginneken,et al.  Automatic detection of calcifications in the aorta from CT scans of the abdomen1 , 2004 .

[103]  H. Leon Harter,et al.  THE PROBABILITY INTEGRALS OF THE RANGE AND OF THE STUDENTIZED RANGE. PROBABILITY INTEGRAL AND PERCENTAGE POINTS OF THE STUDENTIZED RANGE; CRITICAL VALUES FOR DUNCAN'S NEW MULTIPLE RANGE TEST , 1959 .

[104]  Max A. Viergever,et al.  Multiscale vessel tracking , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[105]  Eduard Hoenkamp,et al.  Unitary Operators on the Document Spac , 2003, J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol..

[106]  Egon L. van den Broek,et al.  Human-Centered Object-Based Image Retrieval , 2005, ICAPR.

[107]  K. Doi,et al.  Computer-aided diagnosis in chest radiography: results of large-scale observer tests at the 1996-2001 RSNA scientific assemblies. , 2003, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[108]  Eric J. Pauwels,et al.  Panoramic, adaptive and reconfigurable interface for similarity search , 2000, Proceedings 2000 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.00CH37101).

[109]  Peter van der Putten,et al.  Visual Alphabets: Video classification by end users , 2006 .

[110]  Catholijn M. Jonker,et al.  An agent-based architecture for multimodal interaction , 2001, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[111]  Konstantinos N. Plataniotis,et al.  User Interaction in Region-Based Color Image Segmentation , 1999, VISUAL.

[112]  L. Rodney Long,et al.  A Biomedical Information System for Combined Content-Based Retrieval of Spine X-Ray Images, Associated Text Information , 2002, ICVGIP.

[113]  F J Beekman,et al.  Evaluation of the ordered subset convex algorithm for cone-beam CT. , 2005, Physics in medicine and biology.

[114]  Marcel Worring,et al.  Interactive Retrieval of Color Images , 2001, Int. J. Image Graph..

[115]  A. Agresti,et al.  Approximate is Better than “Exact” for Interval Estimation of Binomial Proportions , 1998 .

[116]  Enrique Coiras,et al.  Hexadecagonal region growing , 1998, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[117]  Egon L. van den Broek,et al.  The development of a human-centered object based image retrieval engine , 2005 .

[118]  I. M. Schlesinger The wax and wane of Whorfian views , 1991 .

[119]  Din-Chang Tseng,et al.  A wavelet-based multiresolution edge detection and tracking , 2005, Image Vis. Comput..

[120]  Domènec Puig,et al.  Supervised texture classification by integration of multiple texture methods and evaluation windows , 2007, Image Vis. Comput..

[121]  Fang Liu,et al.  Modeling spatial and temporal textures , 1997 .

[122]  A. Ravishankar Rao,et al.  Towards a texture naming system: Identifying relevant dimensions of texture , 1993, Vision Research.

[123]  R. M. Evans,et al.  An Introduction to Color , 1948 .

[124]  Thomas S. Huang,et al.  Relevance feedback: a power tool for interactive content-based image retrieval , 1998, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[125]  Joachim M. Buhmann,et al.  Empirical evaluation of dissimilarity measures for color and texture , 1999, Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[126]  Jaap van Pelt,et al.  A shape analysis framework for neuromorphometry , 2002, Network.

[127]  Thrasyvoulos N. Pappas,et al.  Perceptually based techniques for semantic image classification and retrieval , 2006, Electronic Imaging.

[128]  Robert L. Goldstone Effects of Categorization on Color Perception , 1995 .

[129]  Catholijn M. Jonker,et al.  On the use of shared task models in knowledge acquistion, strategic user interaction and clarification agents , 2000, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[130]  Catholijn M. Jonker,et al.  Human Experiments in Trust Dynamics , 2004, iTrust.

[131]  Theo E. Schouten,et al.  Multimedia for Art ReTrieval (M4ART) , 2006, Electronic Imaging.

[132]  Richard A. Shweder,et al.  Whorf and His Critics: Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Influences on Color Memory , 1979 .

[133]  Antoine Geissbühler,et al.  A Review of Content{Based Image Retrieval Systems in Medical Applications { Clinical Bene(cid:12)ts and Future Directions , 2022 .

[134]  Fernand Meyer,et al.  Topographic distance and watershed lines , 1994, Signal Process..

[135]  Olivier D. Faugeras,et al.  Decorrelation Methods of Texture Feature Extraction , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[136]  E. Adelson,et al.  Early vision and texture perception , 1988, Nature.

[137]  Alfred M. Bruckstein,et al.  Skeletonization via Distance Maps and Level Sets , 1995, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[138]  A. Bovik,et al.  A universal image quality index , 2002, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[139]  Louis Vuurpijl,et al.  Content-Based Image Retrieval: Color-selection exploited , 2002 .

[140]  Sameer Antani,et al.  An Evaluation of Color Histogram Based Methods in Video Indexing , 2007 .

[141]  E. Sapir The status of linguistics as a science , 1929 .

[142]  Mingjing Li,et al.  Relevance Feedback and Learning in Content-Based Image Search , 2004, World Wide Web.

[143]  Albert M. Vossepoel,et al.  Generation of the Euclidean skeleton from the vector distance map by a bisector decision rule , 1998, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No.98CB36231).

[144]  A. Mojsilovi A Computational Model for Color Naming and Describing Color Composition of Images , 2022 .

[145]  Matthew Anderson,et al.  Proposal for a Standard Default Color Space for the Internet - sRGB , 1996, CIC.

[146]  Shih-Fu Chang,et al.  Tools and techniques for color image retrieval , 1996, Electronic Imaging.

[147]  Lei He,et al.  Web-based distributed image processing system , 2003, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[148]  Fabio Roli,et al.  Bayesian relevance feedback for content-based image retrieval , 2004, Pattern Recognit..

[149]  Michael S. Lew Next-Generation Web Searches for Visual Content , 2000, Computer.

[150]  Julia M. Penn,et al.  Linguistic relativity versus innate ideas : the origins of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in German thought of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries , 1966 .

[151]  Alfred M. Bruckstein,et al.  Multivalued distance maps for motion planning on surfaces with moving obstacles , 1998, IEEE Trans. Robotics Autom..

[152]  Julia Sturges,et al.  Locating basic colours in the munsell space , 1995 .

[153]  G. Altmann Science and Linguistics , 1993 .

[154]  Richard C. Dubes,et al.  Performance evaluation for four classes of textural features , 1992, Pattern Recognit..

[155]  J Alfred Witjes,et al.  The effect of an endorectal balloon and off-line correction on the interfraction systematic and random prostate position variations: a comparative study. , 2005, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[156]  Ramesh C. Jain,et al.  A survey on the use of pattern recognition methods for abstraction, indexing and retrieval of images and video , 2002, Pattern Recognit..

[157]  Maneesha Singh,et al.  Colour image texture analysis: dependence on colour spaces , 2002, Object recognition supported by user interaction for service robots.

[158]  Robert M. Haralick,et al.  Performance Characterization in Computer Vision , 1993, BMVC.

[159]  Erkki Oja,et al.  Reduced multidimensional histograms in color texture description , 1998, Proceedings. Fourteenth International Conference on Pattern Recognition (Cat. No.98EX170).

[160]  Th.E. Schouten,et al.  Weighted Distance Mapping (WDM) , 2005 .

[161]  Thomas S. Huang,et al.  Information Retrieval Beyond the Text Document , 1999, Libr. Trends.

[162]  E. M. van Rikxoort,et al.  Evaluation of color representation for texture analysis , 2004 .

[163]  Ihsin T. Phillips,et al.  Empirical Performance Evaluation of Graphics Recognition Systems , 1999, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[164]  Emanuel Leeuwenberg,et al.  Holographic goodness is not that bad: Reply to Olivers, Chater and Watson (2004) , 2004 .

[165]  Guojun Lu,et al.  Study and evaluation of different Fourier methods for image retrieval , 2005, Image Vis. Comput..

[166]  Kerry Rodden How Do People Organise Their Photographs? , 1999, BCS-IRSG Annual Colloquium on IR Research.

[167]  Frank Y. Shih,et al.  Fast Euclidean distance transformation in two scans using a 3 × 3 neighborhood , 2004, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[168]  Alberto Del Bimbo,et al.  Content based retrieval of 3D cellular structures , 2001, IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2001. ICME 2001..

[169]  Philippe Schmid-Saugeona,et al.  Towards a computer-aided diagnosis system for pigmented skin lesions. , 2003, Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society.

[170]  Christoph Palm,et al.  Color texture classification by integrative Co-occurrence matrices , 2004, Pattern Recognit..

[171]  P. Kay,et al.  Focal colors are universal after all. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[172]  Nirupam Sarkar,et al.  Improved fractal geometry based texture segmentation technique , 1993 .

[173]  Jing Huang,et al.  Image indexing using color correlograms , 1997, Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[174]  Toshikazu Kato,et al.  Database architecture for content-based image retrieval , 1992, Electronic Imaging.

[175]  G. Sperling,et al.  The dimensionality of texture-defined motion: a single channel theory , 1993, Vision Research.

[176]  Egon L. van den Broek,et al.  M-HinTS: mimicking humans in texture sorting , 2006, Electronic Imaging.

[177]  Thierry Pun,et al.  A Framework for Benchmarking in CBIR , 2003, Multimedia Tools and Applications.

[178]  Louis Vuurpijl,et al.  Vind(x): using the user through cooperative annotation , 2002, Proceedings Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition.

[179]  Louis Vuurpijl,et al.  Using Dynamic Time Warping for Intuitive Handwriting Recognition , 2005 .

[180]  Cristina Meinecke,et al.  Automatic texture segmentation in early vision: Evidence from priming experiments , 2007, Vision Research.

[181]  Ingemar J. Cox,et al.  PicHunter: Bayesian relevance feedback for image retrieval , 1996, Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[182]  R. Tryon Cluster Analysis , 1939 .

[183]  Kanad K. Biswas,et al.  Dominant color region based indexing for CBIR , 1999, Proceedings 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing.

[184]  Alex Pentland,et al.  Photobook: Content-based manipulation of image databases , 1996, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[185]  Thierry Pun,et al.  Performance evaluation in content-based image retrieval: overview and proposals , 2001, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[186]  Nam Ik Cho,et al.  Relevance feedback in content-based image retrieval system by selective region growing in the feature space , 2003, Signal Process. Image Commun..

[187]  Marcel Worring,et al.  Face detection by aggregated Bayesian network classifiers , 2001, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[188]  Yanxi Liu,et al.  A computational model for repeated pattern perception using frieze and wallpaper groups , 2000, Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2000 (Cat. No.PR00662).

[189]  Joep Simons Using a Semantic User Model to Filter the World Wide Web Proactively , 1997 .

[190]  M. Tarr,et al.  To What Extent Do Unique Parts Influence Recognition Across Changes in Viewpoint? , 1995 .

[191]  Marcel Worring,et al.  Interactive Adaptive Movie Annotation , 2003, IEEE Multim..

[192]  J. Lucy,et al.  Grammatical categories and cognition: References , 1992 .

[193]  Hans-Peter Kriegel,et al.  State-of-the-Art in Content-Based Image and Video Retrieval , 2001, Computational Imaging and Vision.

[194]  Raimondo Schettini,et al.  Content-based similarity retrieval of trademarks using relevance feedback , 2001, Pattern Recognit..

[195]  Arnold W. M. Smeulders,et al.  Color-based object recognition , 1997, Pattern Recognit..

[196]  Arno Koning,et al.  Mental rotation depends on the number of objects rather than on the number of image fragments. , 2004, Acta psychologica.

[197]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Markov Random Field Texture Models , 1983, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[198]  Robert M. Boynton,et al.  Eleven Colors That Are Almost Never Confused , 1989, Photonics West - Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering.

[199]  L. Rodney Long,et al.  Prototype client/server application for biomedical text/image retrieval on the Internet , 1996, Electronic Imaging.

[200]  Jan J. Koenderink,et al.  Bidirectional Texture Contrast Function , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[201]  Louis G. Vuurpijl,et al.  Content-Based Image Retrieval Benchmarking: Utilizing Color Categories and Color Distributions , 2005, Journal of Imaging Science and Technology.

[202]  Cyveillance Sizing the Internet , 2000 .

[203]  Lambert Schomaker,et al.  Supporting content retrieval from WWW via “basic level categories” (poster abstract) , 1999, SIGIR '99.

[204]  Egon L. van den Broek,et al.  Empathic Agent Technology (EAT) , 2005, AAMAS 2005.

[205]  J. Davidoff,et al.  Color categories: Evidence for the cultural relativity hypothesis , 2005, Cognitive Psychology.

[206]  S. Singh,et al.  Evaluation of texture methods for image analysis , 2001, The Seventh Australian and New Zealand Intelligent Information Systems Conference, 2001.

[207]  Vijay V. Raghavan,et al.  Content-Based Image Retrieval Systems - Guest Editors' Introduction , 1995, Computer.

[208]  Nuno Vasconcelos,et al.  From Pixels to Semantic Spaces: Advances in Content-Based Image Retrieval , 2007, Computer.

[209]  Corinne Jörgensen,et al.  Access to Pictorial Material: A Review of Current Research and Future Prospects , 1999, Comput. Humanit..

[210]  Remco C. Veltkamp,et al.  Content-based image retrieval systems: A survey , 2000 .

[211]  Allen Newell,et al.  The psychology of human-computer interaction , 1983 .

[212]  Zhong Jin,et al.  Integrated probability function and its application to content-based image retrieval by relevance feedback , 2003, Pattern Recognit..

[213]  Louis Vuurpijl,et al.  Using Pen-Based Outlines for Object-Based Annotation and Image-Based Queries , 1999, VISUAL.

[214]  Shih-Fu Chang,et al.  Single color extraction and image query , 1995, Proceedings., International Conference on Image Processing.

[215]  A. ROSENFELD,et al.  Distance functions on digital pictures , 1968, Pattern Recognit..

[216]  Raimondo Schettini,et al.  A survey on methods for colour image indexing and retrieval in image databases , 2002 .

[217]  Matti Pietikäinen,et al.  Outex - new framework for empirical evaluation of texture analysis algorithms , 2002, Object recognition supported by user interaction for service robots.

[218]  H. C. van Vugt,et al.  The influence of recall feedback in information retrieval on user satisfaction and user behavior , 2001 .

[219]  Paul de Vrieze,et al.  Adaptation in Multimedia Systems , 2005, Multimedia Tools and Applications.

[220]  Pavel Berkhin,et al.  A Survey of Clustering Data Mining Techniques , 2006, Grouping Multidimensional Data.

[221]  P. Kay,et al.  What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? , 1983 .

[222]  A. Clark Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again , 1996 .

[223]  Jing Li Wang,et al.  Color image segmentation: advances and prospects , 2001, Pattern Recognit..

[224]  Louis Vuurpijl,et al.  New use for the pen: outline-based image queries , 1999, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. ICDAR '99 (Cat. No.PR00318).

[225]  T. John Stonham,et al.  Applying perceptually based metrics to textural image retrieval methods , 2000, Electronic Imaging.

[226]  Egon L. van den Broek,et al.  Real time automatic scene classification , 2004 .

[227]  Nico Karssemeijer,et al.  Thickness correction of mammographic images by means of a global parameter model of the compressed breast , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[228]  Catholijn M. Jonker,et al.  An Agent Architecture for Multi-Attribute Negotiation , 2001, IJCAI.

[229]  Robert M. Haralick,et al.  Textural Features for Image Classification , 1973, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern..

[230]  Leo Dorst,et al.  Quadratic Structuring Functions in Mathematical Morphology , 1996, ISMM.

[231]  Stefan Treue,et al.  Perceptual enhancement of contrast by attention , 2004, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[232]  Debi Roberson,et al.  Color Categories Are Culturally Diverse in Cognition as Well as in Language , 2005 .

[233]  David Dagan Feng,et al.  Content-based retrieval of dynamic PET functional images , 2000, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.

[234]  Jiri Matas,et al.  On Combining Classifiers , 1998, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..