Gestão do conhecimento: uma revisão crítica orientada pela abordagem da criação do conhecimento

Uma bem-sucedida sistematizacao da gestao do conhecimento deve considerar que o conhecimento pode existir em dois formatos, tanto na mente das pessoas, quanto em registros diversos; e a tecnologia da informacao tem grande importância no acesso e na renovacao dos conhecimentos. Seguindo essas preocupacoes, a essencia da ideia de “criacao do conhecimento” utilizada na area de gestao organizacional reside em pessoas poderem se encontrar e trocar experiencias com outras pessoas que tem ou trabalham com certos tipos de conhecimentos, e a importância da tecnologia da informacao e construir um suporte para que isso ocorra. Considerando esse ponto de vista, discutem-se, no presente artigo, esforcos para trocas de conhecimentos, utilizando-se, para isso, o relacionamento entre dois formatos de conhecimentos – aqueles que sao inerentes as habilidades pessoais (conhecimento tacito) e aqueles que sao possiveis de verbalizar e registrar (conhecimento explicito) – em quatro tipos de conversoes do conhecimento: socializacao (tacito de um individuo para outro), externalizacao (explicitando partes do conhecimento tacito), combinacao (conhecimento explicito de um individuo para o grupo) e internalizacao (captando no formato tacito o conhecimento explicito do grupo). Os argumentos aqui apresentados baseiam-se no fato de que uma efetiva criacao e trabalho com o conhecimento apenas ocorre em um ambiente em que existe uma continua conversao entre os dois formatos do conhecimento. Palavras-chave Gestao do conhecimento; Conhecimento tacito; Conhecimento explicito; Conversoes do conhecimento. Knowledge management: a critical review based on the knowledge creation approach Abstract Successful systematization of Knowledge Management has to take into consideration the following points: knowledge may exist in a personal and registered format; and information technology has great importance in the access and renewal of knowledge. Following this concern, the essence of the idea of “knowledge creation” used in organizational management area is that people can cope and exchange experiences with other people that have or work with some kind of knowledge. The importance of information technology is to build up a support for this to happen. Considering this point of view, efforts for exchange of knowledge are discussed, by using this relationship between two formats of knowledge – those which are inherent to personal abilities (tacit knowledge) and those which are possible to verbalize and register (explicit knowledge) – in four types of knowledge conversion: -socialization (tacit from one individual to other), -externalization (explicit parts of tacit knowledge), -combination (explicit from one individual to the group), and -internalization (explicit from the group to individual tacit). Arguments are based on the fact that an effective creation of and work with knowledge can only exist in an environment where a continuous conversion between these two kinds of forms happens. Keywords Knowledge management; Tacit knowledge; Explicit knowledge; Knowledge conversion.

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