Dynamic Objectness for Adaptive Tracking

A fundamental problem of object tracking is to adapt to unseen views of the object while not getting distracted by other objects. We introduce Dynamic Objectness in a discriminative tracking framework to sporadically re-discover the tracked object based on motion. In doing so, drifting is effectively limited since tracking becomes more aware of objects as independently moving entities in the scene. The approach not only follows the object, but also the background to not easily adapt to other distracting objects. Finally, an appearance model of the object is incrementally built for an eventual re-detection after a partial or full occlusion. We evaluated it on several well-known tracking sequences and demonstrate results with superior accuracy, especially in difficult sequences with changing aspect ratios, varying scale, partial occlusion and non-rigid objects.

[1]  Dorin Comaniciu,et al.  Real-time tracking of non-rigid objects using mean shift , 2000, Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2000 (Cat. No.PR00662).

[2]  Andrew Zisserman,et al.  Taking the bite out of automated naming of characters in TV video , 2009, Image Vis. Comput..

[3]  Takahiro Ishikawa,et al.  The template update problem , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[4]  Roberto Cipolla,et al.  Learning to track with multiple observers , 2009, CVPR.

[5]  Ming-Hsuan Yang,et al.  Visual tracking with online Multiple Instance Learning , 2009, 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[6]  Berthold K. P. Horn,et al.  Determining Optical Flow , 1981, Other Conferences.

[7]  Antti Oulasvirta,et al.  Computer Vision – ECCV 2006 , 2006, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[8]  Junseok Kwon,et al.  Tracking by Sampling Trackers , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision.

[9]  Qi Zhao,et al.  Co-Tracking Using Semi-Supervised Support Vector Machines , 2007, 2007 IEEE 11th International Conference on Computer Vision.

[10]  Yanxi Liu,et al.  Online Selection of Discriminative Tracking Features , 2005, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[11]  Huchuan Lu,et al.  Superpixel tracking , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision.

[12]  David J. Fleet,et al.  Robust Online Appearance Models for Visual Tracking , 2003, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[13]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  Object Segmentation by Long Term Analysis of Point Trajectories , 2010, ECCV.

[14]  Timothy F. Cootes,et al.  Active Shape Models-Their Training and Application , 1995, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[15]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  Tracking as Repeated Figure/Ground Segmentation , 2007, 2007 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[16]  Horst Bischof,et al.  Semi-supervised On-Line Boosting for Robust Tracking , 2008, ECCV.

[17]  Horst Bischof,et al.  On-line Boosting and Vision , 2006, 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'06).

[18]  Horst Bischof,et al.  PROST: Parallel robust online simple tracking , 2010, 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[19]  Larry S. Davis,et al.  W4: Real-Time Surveillance of People and Their Activities , 2000, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[20]  Gérard G. Medioni,et al.  Context tracker: Exploring supporters and distracters in unconstrained environments , 2011, CVPR 2011.

[21]  Horst Bischof,et al.  Hough-based tracking of non-rigid objects , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision.

[22]  Luc Van Gool,et al.  Coupled Object Detection and Tracking from Static Cameras and Moving Vehicles , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[23]  Zdenek Kalal,et al.  Tracking-Learning-Detection , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[24]  Stephen Grossberg,et al.  Competitive Learning: From Interactive Activation to Adaptive Resonance , 1987, Cogn. Sci..

[25]  Simon Baker,et al.  Lucas-Kanade 20 Years On: A Unifying Framework , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[26]  Vincent Lepetit,et al.  Feature Harvesting for Tracking-by-Detection , 2006, ECCV.

[27]  Thomas Deselaers,et al.  ClassCut for Unsupervised Class Segmentation , 2010, ECCV.

[28]  Gregory D. Hager,et al.  Efficient Region Tracking With Parametric Models of Geometry and Illumination , 1998, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[29]  Ehud Rivlin,et al.  Robust Fragments-based Tracking using the Integral Histogram , 2006, 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'06).

[30]  Thomas Deselaers,et al.  What is an object? , 2010, 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[31]  Daniel P. Huttenlocher,et al.  Efficient Graph-Based Image Segmentation , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[32]  Carlo Tomasi,et al.  Good features to track , 1994, 1994 Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[33]  Patrick Pérez,et al.  Data fusion for visual tracking with particles , 2004, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[34]  Ming-Hsuan Yang,et al.  Incremental Learning for Robust Visual Tracking , 2008, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[35]  Andrew J. Davison,et al.  Active Matching , 2008, ECCV.

[36]  Pascal Fua,et al.  Multicamera People Tracking with a Probabilistic Occupancy Map , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[37]  Ehud Rivlin,et al.  A General Framework for Combining Visual Trackers – The "Black Boxes" Approach , 2006, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[38]  Ales Leonardis,et al.  An adaptive coupled-layer visual model for robust visual tracking , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision.

[39]  Michael Isard,et al.  CONDENSATION—Conditional Density Propagation for Visual Tracking , 1998, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[40]  Saharon Shelah,et al.  Black Boxes , 2008, 0812.0656.

[41]  Daphne Koller,et al.  Learning Spatial Context: Using Stuff to Find Things , 2008, ECCV.

[42]  W. Eric L. Grimson,et al.  Adaptive background mixture models for real-time tracking , 1999, Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149).

[43]  Nuno Vasconcelos,et al.  Saliency-based discriminant tracking , 2009, CVPR.

[44]  Jian Sun,et al.  Salient object detection by composition , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision.