How to Read a Paper: The Basics of Evidence Based Medicine

1 1 2 3 ( 4 5 67 4 22 2 6 1 2 2 2 27 2 ( 6 8 1 9 2 4 7 6 3 2 : 2 2 2 1 ( 7 4 2 5 ( 8 7 2 2 2 6 2 8 2 4 2 1 2 2 8 2 2 1 2 2 ; 2 2 3 2 1 4 2 3 2 <2 7 8 4 2 2 2 8 2 7 2 2 1 3 4 2 2 3 2 5 1 2 8 1 3 8 7 2 4 7 2 6 2 2 1 3 2 7 2 3 2 3 6 3 9 ( 3 3 2 32 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 ( 2 ( 2 4 2 2 6 = 1 6 7 3 2 3 2 ( 3 2 32 6 7 2 8 1 7 2 7 8 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 >' 7 2 2 8?@ 6 3 7 3 2 2 6 2 2 2 2 1 4 ( 7 1 2 4 2 3 2 @2 3 2 2 5 2 3 4 2 3 2 2 2 ( 2 2 3 ( 2 4 3 (( 3 1 2 1 227 ( 27 2 ( 2 ( 2 A B ( 2 32 > 7 42 1 7 ( 2 6 3 9 ( 3 ?@ 8 6 2 3 ( 4 1 2 3 2 2 2 4 2 6 6 4 2 32 2 4 2 2 2 ( 2 2 6 B 3 1 38 ( 4 2 7 2 2 32 3 1 2 2 6 4 B 3 2 2 4 2 3 2 C 2 1 7 2 2 ( 2 2 2 1 7 2 7 2 2 3 2 > 22 7 &1 2 2 2?*@ ( 8 2 2 2 2 ( 7 2 3 2 2 2 4 ( 32 3 , 2 2 44 2 27 4 2 2 8 3 3 ( 2 1 3 2 3 6 ( 2 D 2 3 2 = 6 2 2 3 ( 2 3 D 27 2 1 2 2 @ ( 2 3 7 2 2 2 > 2 2 2 1 2 2 7 6 @ E 1 1 2 F ,2 2 2 3 ( 2 6 2 27 2 3 4 ( 2 7 2 32 4 ' 4 2 3 ( B 27 4 2 2 2 2 > 1 7 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 @ , 3 2 2 2 (( 2 7 2 1 2 2 2 3 ( 2 7 6 6 4 6 ( 7 > 4 7 7 2 2 1 7 7 2 2 6 2 2 7 1 2 2 < 2 32 4 2 2 2 @ ( 1 3 2 8 4 B ( 1 3 ( 2 6 ( 7 2 2 2 2 ? 6 2 7 2 B + > 2 4 2 ( 3 2 3 2 7 1 2 2 7 32 2 2 2@G 32 + ) >= 1 2 2 2 2 2 4 @G H 2 !. 1 3 3 6 2 3 D 4 2 2 7 > 3 ( 3 7 @ , 6 3 1 2 2 2 1 7 1 ( 2 3 3 32 3 2 8 2 7 3 (( 2 2 7 7 2 8 22 1 2 ( B ( 4 B 3 2 3 38 2 4 3 4 2 44 2 27 4 2 8 ( 2 D 2 7 ( 2 2 ( 2 2 2 7 6 2 4 32 4 2 2 2 ( ( 2 3 2 3 2 ( 2 6 4 32 2 2 2 3 E 7 2 2 2 ( 4 22 2 5 32