Low Threshold Plasmonic Nanolaser Based on Graphene

A hybrid plasmonic nanolaser based on nanowire/air slot/semicircular graphene and metal wire structure was designed. In this structure, the waveguides in the nanowires and the graphene-metal interface are coupled to form a hybrid plasma mode, which effectively reduces the metal loss. The mode and strong coupling of the laser are analyzed by using the finite-element method. Its electric field distribution, propagation loss, normalized mode area, quality factor, and lasing threshold are studied with the different geometric model. Simulation results reveal that the performance of the laser using this structure can be optimized by adjusting the model parameters. Under the optimal parameters, the effective propagation loss is only 0.0096, and the lasing threshold can be as low as 0.14 μm−1. This structure can achieve deep sub-wavelength confinement and low-loss transmission, and provides technical support for the miniaturization and integration of nano-devices.

[1]  D. Birch,et al.  Dye-doped polystyrene-coated gold nanorods: towards wavelength tuneable SPASER , 2014, Methods and applications in fluorescence.

[2]  E. Palik.  Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids , 1997 .

[3]  Hong Wei,et al.  Controlling the radiation direction of propagating surface plasmons on silver nanowires , 2014 .

[4]  W. Knoll,et al.  Bloch surface wave-enhanced fluorescence biosensor. , 2013, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[5]  A. Bouhelier,et al.  Imaging symmetry-selected corner plasmon modes in penta-twinned crystalline Ag nanowires. , 2011, ACS nano.

[6]  H. Ming,et al.  Manipulating Propagation Constants of Silver Nanowire Plasmonic Waveguide Modes Using a Dielectric Multilayer Substrate , 2018, Applied sciences.

[7]  F. Michelotti,et al.  Bloch surface waves-controlled emission of organic dyes grafted on a one-dimensional photonic crystal , 2011 .

[8]  Koji Fujita,et al.  Wavelength-tunable Spasing in the Visible , 2022 .

[9]  Qiang Wu,et al.  Organic-inorganic perovskite plasmonic nanowire lasers with a low threshold and a good thermal stability. , 2016, Nanoscale.

[10]  Weijing Kong,et al.  High-sensitivity sensing based on intensity-interrogated Bloch surface wave sensors , 2012 .

[11]  Peter Nordlander,et al.  Unidirectional broadband light emission from supported plasmonic nanowires. , 2011, Nano letters.

[12]  H. Raether.  Surface Plasmons on Smooth and Rough Surfaces and on Gratings , 1988 .

[13]  Xiaorui Tian,et al.  Quantum dot-based local field imaging reveals plasmon-based interferometric logic in silver nanowire networks. , 2011, Nano letters.

[14]  Yuhang Wan,et al.  Hybrid plasmon waveguide leveraging Bloch surface polaritons for sub-wavelength confinement , 2013 .

[15]  P. Berini,et al.  Bloch long-range surface plasmon polaritons in metallic stripe waveguides , 2017, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics.

[16]  D. Koller,et al.  Leakage radiation microscopy of surface plasmon polaritons , 2008, 1002.0725.

[17]  Litu Xu,et al.  Design of Surface Plasmon Nanolaser Based on MoS2 , 2018, Applied Sciences.

[18]  Cherie R. Kagan,et al.  Improved size-tunable synthesis of monodisperse gold nanorods through the use of aromatic additives. , 2012, ACS nano.

[19]  Antao Chen,et al.  Integration of photonic and silver nanowire plasmonic waveguides. , 2008, Nature nanotechnology.

[20]  Davide Comoretto,et al.  Demonstration of fluorescence enhancement via Bloch surface waves in all-polymer multilayer structures. , 2016, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[21]  S. Maier,et al.  Plasmonic nanoantennas: fundamentals and their use in controlling the radiative properties of nanoemitters. , 2011, Chemical reviews.

[22]  C. Kryschi,et al.  Facile Design of a Plasmonic Nanolaser , 2017 .

[23]  V. Shalaev,et al.  Demonstration of a spaser-based nanolaser , 2009, Nature.

[24]  D. Bergman,et al.  Surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation: quantum generation of coherent surface plasmons in nanosystems. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[25]  Zheng Zheng,et al.  Optimizing loss of the dielectric stack for Bloch-surface-wave sensors under different interrogation schemes , 2017 .

[26]  Weijing Kong,et al.  Fiber-to-Fiber Optical Switching Based on Gigantic Bloch-Surface-Wave-Induced Goos–Hanchen Shifts , 2013, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[27]  Xiaorui Tian,et al.  Highly tunable propagating surface plasmons on supported silver nanowires , 2013, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[28]  Q. Zhan.  Cylindrical vector beams: from mathematical concepts to applications , 2009 .

[29]  J. Zhang,et al.  ULTRAFAST STUDIES OF EXCITED-STATE DYNAMICS OF PHTHALOCYANINE AND ZINC PHTHALOCYANINE TETRASULFONATE IN SOLUTION , 1997 .

[30]  Hong Wei,et al.  Direction-resolved radiation from polarization-controlled surface plasmon modes on silver nanowire antennas. , 2016, Nanoscale.

[31]  Steven G. Johnson,et al.  Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light , 1995 .

[32]  Hervé Rigneault,et al.  Strong electromagnetic confinement near dielectric microspheres to enhance single-molecule fluorescence. , 2008, Optics express.

[33]  M. Stockman,et al.  Spaser action, loss compensation, and stability in plasmonic systems with gain. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[34]  Extending the Propagation Distance of a Silver Nanowire Plasmonic Waveguide with a Dielectric Multilayer Substrate. , 2017, Nano letters.

[35]  Richard W Ziolkowski,et al.  The design and simulated performance of a coated nano-particle laser. , 2007, Optics express.

[36]  T. Sen,et al.  Resonance Energy Transfer from Rhodamine 6G to Gold Nanoparticles by Steady-State and Time-Resolved Spectroscopy , 2008 .

[37]  Hongxing Xu,et al.  Optimizing substrate-mediated plasmon coupling toward high-performance plasmonic nanowire waveguides. , 2012, ACS nano.

[38]  Francesco Michelotti,et al.  Coupling of surface waves in highly defined one-dimensional porous silicon photonic crystals for gas sensing applications , 2007 .

[39]  Mostafa A. El-Sayed,et al.  Why Gold Nanoparticles Are More Precious than Pretty Gold: Noble Metal Surface Plasmon Resonance and Its Enhancement of the Radiative and Nonradiative Properties of Nanocrystals of Different Shapes , 2006 .

[40]  M. Patrini,et al.  Fluorescence excitation enhancement by Bloch surface wave in all-polymer one- dimensional photonic structure , 2014 .

[41]  P. Berini,et al.  Bloch Long-Range Surface Plasmon Polaritons on Metal Stripe Waveguides on a Multilayer Substrate , 2017 .

[42]  X. Zhang,et al.  A hybrid plasmonic waveguide for subwavelength confinement and long-range propagation , 2008 .

[43]  Jörg Opitz,et al.  Gating Hysteresis as an Indicator for Silicon Nanowire FET Biosensors , 2018, Applied Sciences.