Unsteady Hiemenz flow of Cu-nanofluid over a porous wedge in the presence of thermal stratification due to solar energy radiation: Lie group transformation

Solar power plants with surface receivers have low overall energy conversion efficiencies due to large emissive losses at high temperatures. Alternatively, volumetric receivers promise increased performance because solar radiation can be transferred into a fluid medium, which subsequently reduces the concentrated heat at the surface. Copper nanofluid-based direct solar receivers, where nanoparticles in a liquid medium can scatter and absorb solar radiation, have recently received interest to efficiently distribute and store the thermal energy. The objective of the present work is to investigate theoretically the unsteady Hiemenz flow of an incompressible viscous Cu-nanofluid past a porous wedge due to solar energy (incident radiation). The partial differential equations governing the problem under consideration are transformed by a special form of Lie symmetry group transformations viz. one-parameter group of transformation into a system of ordinary differential equations which are solved numerically using Runge Kutta Gill based shooting method. The conclusion is drawn that the flow field and temperature are significantly influenced by magnetic strength, convective radiation, thermal stratification, buoyancy force and porosity of the wedge sheet.