Application of Multi-Barrier Membrane Filtration Technologies to Reclaim Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Use

The significant percentage of the world water consumption devoted to industrial use, along with an increasingly higher environmental concern of society, has awaken the interest of industry on using municipal reclaimed water for replacing fresh water use coming from utilities or natural resources. Depending on the type of industry and the specific application, water must meet certain quality requirements. Therefore, those water quality standards that are required for those most relevant industrial applications wherein the use of reclaimed water has noticeably been reported are herewith reviewed. Although the use of internal water treatments for recycling and reusing their own effluents has recently and widely been reported within many industrial sectors worldwide, the substitution of fresh water by reclaimed municipal wastewater has yet to be extended much. The increasing proportion of municipal wastewater reclamation plants that rely on membrane filtration technologies versus the total number of reclamation facilities that are distributed worldwide is also assessed within this review, including the discussion of their main related drawbacks.

[1]  N. A. Ochoa,et al.  SPC/PVDF membranes for emulsified oily wastewater treatment , 2009 .

[2]  J. Riley,et al.  Halophyte irrigation: an overlooked strategy for management of membrane filtration concentrate , 1997 .

[3]  Harry Futselaar,et al.  Membrane filtration: a sustainable water treatment technology within modern papermaking concepts , 2005 .

[4]  P Cornel,et al.  Effect of mechanical cleaning with granular material on the permeability of submerged membranes in the MBR process. , 2010, Water research.

[5]  Manish Kumar,et al.  Innovative beneficial reuse of reverse osmosis concentrate using bipolar membrane electrodialysis and electrochlorination processes , 2009 .

[6]  R. Amavis,et al.  European communities directive relating to the quality of water intended for human consumption , 1981 .

[7]  Qi Zhou,et al.  Effect of hypochlorite cleaning on the physiochemical characteristics of polyvinylidene fluoride membranes , 2010 .

[8]  Menachem Elimelech,et al.  Salt cleaning of organic-fouled reverse osmosis membranes. , 2007, Water research.

[9]  Amanda Crawford.  The Future of Desalination in Texas , 2005 .

[10]  Robert R. Pierce,et al.  Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 1995 , 1998 .

[11]  Á. Blanco,et al.  Optimization of conventional Fenton and ultraviolet-assisted oxidation processes for the treatment of reverse osmosis retentate from a paper mill. , 2012, Waste management.

[12]  Jean-Philippe Croué,et al.  Fouling characteristics of wastewater effluent organic matter (EfOM) isolates on NF and UF membranes , 2002 .

[13]  Pierre Le-Clech,et al.  Fouling in membrane bioreactors used in wastewater treatment , 2006 .

[14]  D. Kočar,et al.  Copper Dissolution in Ammonia Solutions: Identification of the Mechanism at Low Overpotentials , 2009 .

[15]  Anja Drews,et al.  Membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors—Characterisation, contradictions, cause and cures , 2010 .

[16]  Renbi Bai,et al.  Modification of membrane surface for anti-biofouling performance: Effect of anti-adhesion and anti-bacteria approaches , 2010 .

[17]  A. Drews,et al.  Recent advances in membrane bioreactors (MBRs): membrane fouling and membrane material. , 2009, Water research.

[18]  D. Mattioli,et al.  Water minimization and reuse in the textile industry. , 2001 .

[19]  Fayza A. Nasr,et al.  Pollution prevention pays off in a board paper mill , 2008 .

[20]  Kimberly L. Jones,et al.  Protein and humic acid adsorption onto hydrophilic membrane surfaces: effects of pH and ionic strength , 2000 .

[21]  R. Trussell,et al.  Process Limits of Municipal Wastewater Treatment with the Submerged Membrane Bioreactor , 2005 .

[23]  Nazim Cicek,et al.  Using a membrane bioreactor to reclaim wastewater , 1998 .

[24]  H. Flemming,et al.  Biofouling in water systems – cases, causes and countermeasures , 2002, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[25]  Bart Van der Bruggen,et al.  A review of pressure‐driven membrane processes in wastewater treatment and drinking water production , 2003 .

[26]  Samer Adham,et al.  Beneficial phosphate recovery from reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate of an integrated membrane system using polymeric ligand exchanger (PLE). , 2007, Water research.

[27]  T. A. Hatton,et al.  Novel thin-film composite nanofiltration hollow fiber membranes with double repulsion for effective removal of emerging organic matters from water , 2012 .

[28]  R. J. Pagan,et al.  Eco-efficiency for the Dairy Processing Industry , 2005 .

[29]  Lyonnaise des Eaux.  Water treatment membrane processes , 2015 .

[30]  Nancy L. Barber,et al.  Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2000 , 2004 .

[31]  Simon Judd,et al.  Membranes for industrial wastewater recovery and re-use , 2003 .

[32]  D. Bixio,et al.  The role of membrane processes in municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse , 2005 .

[33]  N Engelhardt,et al.  Strategies for chemical cleaning in large scale membrane bioreactors. , 2008, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[34]  Angeles Blanco,et al.  Anaerobic membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment: A review , 2012 .

[35]  M. Pirbazari,et al.  Biological denitrification of reverse osmosis brine concentrates: I. Batch reactor and chemostat studies , 2007 .

[36]  D. Kooij,et al.  Diagnosis, prediction and prevention of biofouling of NF and RO membranes , 2001 .

[37]  H. Chapman,et al.  WRAMS, sustainable water recycling , 2006 .

[38]  P. Plageras,et al.  Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse , 2009 .

[39]  Piet N.L. Lens,et al.  Water recycling and resource recovery in industry : analysis, technologies and implementation , 2015 .

[40]  Angeles Blanco,et al.  Evaluation of MF and UF as pretreatments prior to RO applied to reclaim municipal wastewater for freshwater substitution in a paper mill: A practical experience , 2011 .

[41]  Guoliang Zhang,et al.  Performance of Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes in Metal Effluent Treatment , 2008 .

[42]  Bruce Durham,et al.  Membranes as pretreatment to desalination in wastewater reuse: operating experience in the municipal and industrial sectors , 2001 .

[43]  Stewart Russell,et al.  Challenges in understanding public responses and providing effective public consultation on water reuse , 2006 .

[44]  R. Lovitt,et al.  Fouling strategies and the cleaning system of NF membranes and factors affecting cleaning efficiency , 2007 .

[45]  Xianghua Wen,et al.  Ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor for urban wastewater reclamation , 2000 .

[46]  Nava Haruvy,et al.  Agricultural reuse of wastewater: nation-wide cost-benefit analysis , 1997 .

[47]  M. Abdel-Jawad,et al.  Non-conventional treatment of treated municipal wastewater for reverse osmosis , 2002 .

[48]  Robert Y. Ning,et al.  Colloidal fouling of RO membranes following MF/UF in the reclamation of municipal wastewater , 2007 .

[49]  M. Jekel,et al.  Advanced treatment combination for groundwater recharge of municipal wastewater by nanofiltration and ozonation , 1999 .

[50]  N. Turner,et al.  Groundwater - a crucial element of water recycling in Perth, Western Australia , 2004 .

[52]  Luís F. Melo,et al.  BIOFOULING IN WATER SYSTEMS , 1997 .

[53]  M. Marcucci,et al.  Membrane separation for wastewater reuse in the textile industry , 2001 .

[54]  G. K. Pearce,et al.  UF/MF pre-treatment to RO in seawater and wastewater reuse applications: a comparison of energy costs , 2008 .

[55]  G. Wade Miller,et al.  Integrated concepts in water reuse: managing global water needs , 2006 .

[56]  Christopher Bellona,et al.  Fouling of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes during municipal wastewater reclamation: Membrane autopsy results from pilot-scale investigations , 2010 .

[57]  Tuija Pohjolainen,et al.  Gestión del agua en la industria papelera , 1998 .

[58]  Robert C. Andrews,et al.  Evaluation of an MBR-RO system to produce high quality reuse water: microbial control, DBP formation and nitrate. , 2005, Water research.

[59]  J.H.J.M. van der Graaf,et al.  Membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment and reuse , 2006 .

[60]  Andrea I. Schäfer,et al.  Public perception of desalinated versus recycled water in Australia , 2006 .

[61]  Miquel Salgot,et al.  Wastewater treatment, renovation and reuse for agricultural irrigation in small communities , 1999 .

[62]  S. Ledakowicz,et al.  Application of membrane processes in closing of water cycle in a textile dye-house , 2010 .

[63]  M. Jekel,et al.  Treatment of membrane concentrates: phosphate removal and reduction of scaling potential. , 2010, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[64]  T. Yokoyama,et al.  Effect of aluminum on the deposition of silica scales in cooling water systems. , 2009, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[65]  Simon Judd,et al.  Aerobic MBRs for domestic wastewater treatment: a review with cost considerations , 2000 .

[66]  Kunio Miura,et al.  Water recycling using sequential membrane treatment in the electronics industry , 2000 .

[67]  C. Vandecasteele,et al.  Water reclamation in the textile industry: Nanofiltration of dye baths for wool dyeing , 2001 .

[68]  M. Eiteman,et al.  Evaluation of Membrane Filtration and Ozonation Processes for Treatment of Reactive-Dye Wastewater , 1998 .

[69]  S. Toze.  Reuse of effluent water—benefits and risks , 2006 .

[70]  Kenneth D. Frederick,et al.  Climate Change and Water Resources , 1997 .

[71]  M. Bilad,et al.  Novel magnetically induced membrane vibration (MMV) for fouling control in membrane bioreactors. , 2012, Water research.

[72]  W. Verstraete,et al.  Electro-oxidative abatement of low-salinity reverse osmosis membrane concentrates. , 2004, Water research.

[73]  T. Asano.  Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications , 2007 .

[74]  John Bratby,et al.  Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment , 2008 .

[75]  M. Wilf,et al.  Design considerations for wastewater treatment by reverse osmosis. , 2005, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[76]  K. Ranganathan,et al.  Recycling of wastewaters of textile dyeing industries using advanced treatment technology and cost analysis—Case studies , 2007 .

[77]  M. J. Ramos-Peralonso,et al.  Integrated pollution prevention and control , 2001 .

[78]  M. Salgot,et al.  The wealth of waste: the economics of wastewater use in agriculture. , 2010 .

[79]  Graeme Pearce,et al.  Introduction to membranes: Membrane selection , 2007 .

[80]  Ian C. Watson,et al.  Water reclamation fuels economic growth in Harlingen, Texas. Reclamation of municipal wastewater for industrial process use , 1995 .

[81]  A. Fane,et al.  The use of gas bubbling to enhance membrane processes , 2003 .

[82]  Michael R. Markus.  The Groundwater Replenishment System , 2009 .

[83]  Che-Jen Lin,et al.  Inorganic fouling of pressure-driven membrane processes — A critical review , 2010 .

[84]  Marianne Nyström,et al.  Drawbacks of applying nanofiltration and how to avoid them: A review , 2008 .

[85]  Angeles Blanco,et al.  Accumulation of dissolved and colloidal material in papermaking—Application to simulation , 2009 .

[86]  W. Hird.  Recycled water—case study: BlueScope Steel, Port Kembla Steelworks , 2006 .

[87]  Nidal Hilal,et al.  Photochemical modification of membrane surfaces for (bio)fouling reduction: a nano-scale study using AFM , 2003 .

[88]  R. Bentham,et al.  Legionella and Protozoa in Cooling Towers: Implications for Public Health and Chemical Control , 2007 .

[89]  Jason D. Monnell,et al.  Control of mineral scale deposition in cooling systems using secondary-treated municipal wastewater. , 2011, Water research.

[90]  William Byers,et al.  How to implement industrial water reuse : a systematic approach , 1995 .

[92]  Simon Judd,et al.  The MBR Book: Principles and Applications of Membrane Bioreactors for Water and Wastewater Treatment , 2006 .

[93]  Nancy L. Barber,et al.  Estimated use of water in the United States in 2005 , 2009 .

[94]  W. B. Solley,et al.  Estimated use of water in the United States in 1990 , 1993 .

[95]  D. Bixioa,et al.  Wastewater reuse in Europe , 2005 .

[96]  A. Karabelas,et al.  Characterisation and assessment of water treatment technologies for reuse , 2008 .

[97]  A. Karabelas,et al.  GIS AS A TOOL FOR INTEGRATED CONCEPTS FOR REUSE OF UPGRADED WASTEWATER , 2004 .

[98]  T. Ternes,et al.  Ozonation of reverse osmosis concentrate: kinetics and efficiency of beta blocker oxidation. , 2008, Water research.

[99]  John Crittenden,et al.  Oxidation of organics in retentates from reverse osmosis wastewater reuse facilities. , 2009, Water research.

[100]  A G Fane,et al.  Analysis of microfiltration performance with constant flux processing of secondary effluent. , 2001, Water research.

[101]  Veronique Bonnelye,et al.  UF/MF as RO pre-treatment: the real benefit , 2008 .

[102]  C. Tortajada,et al.  Water Management in Singapore , 2006 .

[103]  John Bratby,et al.  Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment - Third Edition , 2016 .

[104]  R. Bradley,et al.  Effective cleaning and sanitizing of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane systems. , 1992, Journal of dairy science.

[105]  Donald J. Castro,et al.  Innovative Water Treatment Design for Turning Wastewater Treatment Effluent Into Boiler Makeup Water , 2003 .

[106]  F. Wong,et al.  A feasibility study on the treatment and recycling of a wastewater from metal plating , 2002 .

[107]  Roger Frost,et al.  International Organization for Standardization (ISO) , 2004 .

[108]  Harry Seah,et al.  New option of MBR-RO process for production of NEWater from domestic sewage , 2006 .

[109]  S. S. Madaeni,et al.  CHEMICAL CLEANING OF REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE FOULED BY WASTEWATER , 2010 .

[110]  Malik Al-Ahmad,et al.  Biofuoling in RO membrane systems Part 1: Fundamentals and control , 2000 .

[111]  John Gregory,et al.  Particles in Water: Properties and Processes , 2005 .

[112]  Menachem Elimelech,et al.  Influence of membrane surface properties on initial rate of colloidal fouling of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes , 2001 .

[113]  A. Bes-Piá,et al.  Study of different alternatives of tertiary treatments for wastewater reclamation to optimize the water quality for irrigation reuse , 2008 .

[114]  A. D. Benetti.  Water reuse: issues, technologies, and applications , 2007 .

[115]  Brian Roffel,et al.  Evaluation of different cleaning agents used for cleaning ultra filtration membranes fouled by surface water , 2007 .

[116]  A. Reddy,et al.  Chemically treated polyethersulfone/polyacrylonitrile blend ultrafiltration membranes for better fouling resistance , 2008 .

[117]  Brent Smith.  Identification and Reduction of Pollution Sources in Textile Wet Processing , 1998 .

[118]  Li Shu,et al.  Metal recovery from reverse osmosis concentrate. , 2009 .

[119]  J. Pugh,et al.  The Influence of Recirculating Water Impurities on the Performance of Calcium Phosphate Inhibiting Polymers , 1999 .

[120]  W. Den,et al.  Predictive membrane transport model for nanofiltration processes in water treatment , 2001 .

[121]  Brenda Dyack,et al.  Exploring the Institutional Impediments to Conservation and Water Reuse - National Issues. A Report for the Australian Water Conservation and Reuse Research Program (AWCRRP.) , 2004 .

[122]  Keshab Sharma,et al.  A pilot study for wastewater reclamation and reuse with MBR/RO and MF/RO systems , 2007 .

[123]  Carlo Vandecasteele,et al.  Removal of pollutants from surface water and groundwater by nanofiltration: overview of possible applications in the drinking water industry. , 2003, Environmental pollution.

[124]  Abdullah M. El-Rehaili.  Reverse osmosis applications in Saudi Arabia , 1991 .

[125]  M. Rebhun,et al.  Reuse of waste water for industrial cooling systems , 1988 .

[126]  W. P. Ball,et al.  NANOFILTRATION OF NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER: pH AND IONIC STRENGTH EFFECTS , 1997 .

[127]  R. Jong,et al.  Nanofiltration concentrate disposal: experiences in The Netherlands , 2005 .

[128]  M. Ulbricht,et al.  High performance polyethersulfone microfiltration membranes having high flux and stable hydrophilic property , 2009 .

[129]  M. Thompson,et al.  CASE STUDY - KRANJI HIGH GRADE WATER RECLAMATION PLANT, SINGAPORE , 2003 .

[130]  Blanca Jiménez,et al.  Water Reuse: An International Survey of current practice, issues and needs , 2015 .

[131]  Darko Joksimovic,et al.  Water reclamation and reuse: implementation and management issues , 2008 .

[132]  G. Oron,et al.  Surface properties and reduced biofouling of graft-copolymers that possess oppositely charged groups. , 2011, Biomacromolecules.

[133]  Anthony G. Fane,et al.  Water reclamation from municipal wastewater using combined microfiltration-reverse osmosis (ME-RO): Preliminary performance data and microbiological aspects of system operation , 1998 .

[134]  M. B. Beck,et al.  A new planning and design paradigm to achieve sustainable resource recovery from wastewater. , 2009, Environmental science & technology.

[135]  B Van der Bruggen,et al.  Process intensification in the textile industry: the role of membrane technology. , 2004, Journal of environmental management.

[136]  S. G. Choudhary,et al.  Emerging microbial control issues in cooling water systems , 1998 .

[137]  Elena Fuente,et al.  The challenges of sustainable papermaking. , 2004, Environmental science & technology.

[138]  Mira Petrovic,et al.  Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) as an Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technology , 2008 .

[139]  Use of Reclaimed Water in China: management issues and strategies , 2010 .

[140]  张国亮,et al.  Performance of Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes in Metal Effluent Treatment , 2008 .

[141]  G. K. Anderson,et al.  Coagulation-crossflow microfiltration of domestic wastewater , 1996 .