High-responsivity graphene/silicon-heterostructure waveguide photodetectors

A CMOS-compatible graphene/silicon-heterostructure photodetector formed by integrating graphene onto a silicon optical waveguide on silicon-on-insulator and operating in the near- and mid-infrared regions is demonstrated. A responsivity as high as 0.13 A W−1 is obtained at a bias of 1.5 V for 2.75-μm light at room temperature.

[1]  Paul R. Berger.  Metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors , 2001, SPIE OPTO.

[2]  Ke Xu,et al.  Focusing subwavelength grating coupler for mid-infrared suspended membrane waveguide. , 2012, Optics letters.

[3]  K. Novoselov,et al.  Strong plasmonic enhancement of photovoltage in graphene. , 2011, Nature communications.

[4]  Gunther Roelkens,et al.  Bridging the mid-infrared-to-telecom gap with silicon nanophotonic spectral translation , 2012, Nature Photonics.

[5]  P. Ming,et al.  Ab initio calculation of ideal strength and phonon instability of graphene under tension , 2007 .

[6]  Shigeki Tokita,et al.  12 W Q-switched Er:ZBLAN fiber laser at 2.8 μm. , 2011, Optics letters.

[7]  H. R. Krishnamurthy,et al.  Monitoring dopants by Raman scattering in an electrochemically top-gated graphene transistor. , 2008, Nature nanotechnology.

[8]  P. Kim,et al.  Dirac charge dynamics in graphene by infrared spectroscopy , 2008, 0807.3780.

[9]  M. Nardelli,et al.  First-principles analysis of electron-phonon interactions in graphene , 2009, 0912.0562.

[10]  Zhenhua Ni,et al.  Broadband graphene polarizer , 2011 .

[11]  E. Pop,et al.  Metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors based on graphene/p-type silicon Schottky junctions , 2013 .

[12]  Andre K. Geim,et al.  Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films , 2004, Science.

[13]  Swastik Kar,et al.  Tunable graphene-silicon heterojunctions for ultrasensitive photodetection. , 2013, Nano letters.

[14]  F. Xia,et al.  Graphene photodetectors for high-speed optical communications , 2010, 1009.4465.

[15]  Philippe Godignon,et al.  Optical nano-imaging of gate-tunable graphene plasmons , 2012, Nature.

[16]  P. Klang,et al.  Microcavity-Integrated Graphene Photodetector , 2011, Nano letters.

[17]  Ke Xu,et al.  Mid-infrared Suspended Membrane Waveguide and Ring Resonator on Silicon-on-Insulator , 2012, IEEE Photonics Journal.

[18]  M. Engel,et al.  Light–matter interaction in a microcavity-controlled graphene transistor , 2011, Nature Communications.

[19]  A. M. van der Zande,et al.  Regenerative oscillation and four-wave mixing in graphene optoelectronics , 2012, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics.

[20]  Andre K. Geim,et al.  Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[21]  T. Fromherz,et al.  CMOS-compatible graphene photodetector covering all optical communication bands , 2013, 1302.3854.

[22]  Mo Li,et al.  Optical absorption in graphene integrated on silicon waveguides , 2012 .

[23]  Y. Wang,et al.  Growth of InAsSb/InAs MQWs on GaSb for mid-IR photodetector applications , 2009 .

[24]  Antoni Rogalski,et al.  HgCdTe infrared detector material: history, status and outlook , 2005 .

[25]  A. H. Castro Neto,et al.  Gate-tuning of graphene plasmons revealed by infrared nano-imaging , 2012, Nature.

[26]  Jiwoong Park,et al.  Imaging of photocurrent generation and collection in single-layer graphene. , 2009, Nano letters.

[27]  Klaus Kern,et al.  Contact and edge effects in graphene devices. , 2008, Nature nanotechnology.

[28]  F. Xia,et al.  Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks. , 2012, Nature nanotechnology.

[29]  F. Xia,et al.  Ultrafast graphene photodetector , 2009, CLEO/QELS: 2010 Laser Science to Photonic Applications.

[30]  H. Bechtel,et al.  Graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials. , 2011, Nature nanotechnology.

[31]  Hon Ki Tsang,et al.  Apodized focusing subwavelength grating couplers for suspended membrane waveguides , 2012 .

[32]  J. Zi,et al.  Band structure of plasmons and optical absorption enhancement in graphene on subwavelength dielectric gratings at infrared frequencies , 2012 .

[33]  J Moger,et al.  Coherent nonlinear optical response of graphene. , 2010, Physical review letters.

[34]  Kinam Kim,et al.  Graphene Barristor, a Triode Device with a Gate-Controlled Schottky Barrier , 2012, Science.

[35]  Andre K. Geim,et al.  The rise of graphene. , 2007, Nature materials.

[36]  Mo Li,et al.  High-speed waveguide-coupled graphene-on-graphene optical modulators , 2012 .

[37]  Jianbin Xu,et al.  High‐Performance Graphene Devices on SiO2/Si Substrate Modified by Highly Ordered Self‐Assembled Monolayers , 2011, Advanced materials.

[38]  Yang Wu,et al.  Measurement of the optical conductivity of graphene. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[39]  A. Ferreira,et al.  A PRIMER ON SURFACE PLASMON-POLARITONS IN GRAPHENE , 2013, 1302.2317.

[40]  D. Dimitropoulos,et al.  Prospects for Silicon Mid-IR Raman Lasers , 2006, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[41]  Xiang Zhang,et al.  A graphene-based broadband optical modulator , 2011, Nature.

[42]  N. Peres,et al.  Fine Structure Constant Defines Visual Transparency of Graphene , 2008, Science.

[43]  P. Guyot-Sionnest,et al.  Mid-infrared HgTe colloidal quantum dot photodetectors , 2011 .

[44]  S. Xiao,et al.  Intrinsic and extrinsic performance limits of graphene devices on SiO 2 , 2008 .

[45]  F. Guinea,et al.  Substrate-limited electron dynamics in graphene , 2007, 0711.1303.

[46]  Xiushan Zhu,et al.  Watt-level Er-doped and Er-Pr-codoped ZBLAN fiber amplifiers at the 2.7-2.8 microm wavelength range. , 2008, Optics letters.

[47]  G. Konstantatos,et al.  Hybrid graphene-quantum dot phototransistors with ultrahigh gain. , 2011, Nature nanotechnology.

[48]  Feng Wang,et al.  Gate-Variable Optical Transitions in Graphene , 2008, Science.

[49]  Adrienne D. Stiff-Roberts,et al.  Quantum-dot infrared photodetectors: a review , 2009 .