Patiromer utilization in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease under nephrology care in Germany

ABSTRACT Background Hyperkalemia (HK) is a frequent condition in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Patiromer has recently been introduced as a potassium binder. Data on patiromer use in patients with CKD in the real-world setting in Europe are lacking. We describe time to discontinuation and changes in serum potassium levels among German CKD stage 3–5 patients starting patiromer. Methods Duration of patiromer use was estimated by Kaplan–Meier curve, starting at patiromer initiation and censoring for death, dialysis, transplant or loss to follow-up. Serum potassium levels and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) use are described at baseline and during follow-up, restricted to patients remaining on patiromer. Results We identified 140 patiromer users within our analysis sample [81% CKD stage 4/5, 83% receiving RAASi, and median K+ 5.7 (5.4, 6.3) mmol/L]. Thirty percent of patiromer users had prior history of polystyrene sulfonate use. Overall, 95% of patiromer users stayed on treatment past 1 month, with 53% continuing for over a year. Mean serum potassium levels decreased after patiromer initiation and remained stable under treatment during follow-up (up to 180 days). Among these patients, 73%–82% used RAASis during the time periods before and after patiromer initiation, with no obvious trend indicating discontinuation. Conclusion Real-world evidence of patiromer use in Germany shows that, in line with what has been observed in clinical trials, patients on patiromer have a reduction in serum potassium when used long-term. Moreover, most patients on patiromer do not discontinue treatment prior to 1 year after initiation.