Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Humic Substances from Peat: Assessment of Process Efficiency and Products’ Quality

Results of efficiency of obtaining humic substances (HSs) from peat in traditional alkaline extraction (TAE) and ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction (UAAE) are presented. The influence of the duration of the process and ultrasound intensity on the efficiency of extraction of humic acids (HAs) and fulvic acids (FAs) extraction was determined. The composition of the fulvic acid fraction was examined depending on the type of eluent used. Fulvic acids were divided into fractions using columns packed with DAX-8 resin. For this process, 0.1 M NaOH and 0.5 M NH3∙H2O were used as eluents. For the quality assessment of specific fulvic acids fractions, spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis and FTIR) were used. Ultrasound had a positive effect on HS extraction efficiency, especially in increasing the amount of a desired hydrophobic fraction of fulvic acids (HPO). However, a negative effect of the excessive prolongation and ultrasound intensity (approximately 400 mW∙cm−2) on the extraction efficiency of HPO eluted with 0.1 M NaOH solution was observed. Using peat as a raw carbon material for the HS extraction process can be used as an alternative industrial application of peat. UAAE may be considered as an alternative method to TAE, which provides a higher efficiency in HS isolation from peat.

[1]  Jianmei Zou,et al.  Evolution of humic substances in polymerization of polyphenol and amino acid based on non-destructive characterization , 2020, Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering.

[2]  Bin Zhou,et al.  Binding Mechanism Between Fulvic Acid and Heavy Metals: Integrated Interpretation of Binding Experiments, Fraction Characterizations, and Models , 2020, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution.

[3]  Q. Jia,et al.  Antidiarrhoeal mechanism study of fulvic acids based on molecular weight fractionation. , 2019, Fitoterapia.

[4]  N. Lavrik,et al.  Self-Association of the Macromolecules of Aldrich Humic Acid in Aqueous Solutions Using Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) Absorption Spectroscopy , 2019, Applied Spectroscopy.

[5]  I. Sur,et al.  Mobilization of Cu and Pb from multi-metal contaminated soils by dissolved humic substances extracted from leonardite and factors affecting the process , 2019, Journal of Soils and Sediments.

[6]  M. Zhang,et al.  Characterization of goethite-fulvic acid composites and their impact on the immobility of Pb/Cd in soil. , 2019, Chemosphere.

[7]  Shu-biao Wu,et al.  Humic substances developed during organic waste composting: Formation mechanisms, structural properties, and agronomic functions. , 2019, The Science of the total environment.

[8]  Chuanxiang Zhang,et al.  Extraction of Humic Acid from Lignite by KOH-Hydrothermal Method , 2019, Applied Sciences.

[9]  K. Shahbazi,et al.  The comparative evaluation of humic acid determining methods in humic-based commercial fertilizers , 2019, Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science.

[10]  M. Proskurnin,et al.  Rapid quantification of humic components in concentrated humate fertilizer solutions by FTIR spectroscopy , 2018, Journal of Soils and Sediments.

[11]  Giancarlo Cravotto,et al.  Pilot Scale Cavitational Reactors and Other Enabling Technologies to Design the Industrial Recovery of Polyphenols from Agro-Food By-Products, a Technical and Economical Overview , 2018, Foods.

[12]  J. Gerke.  Concepts and Misconceptions of Humic Substances as the Stable Part of Soil Organic Matter: A Review , 2018 .

[13]  K. Hoffmann,et al.  Evaluation of the possibilities of using humic acids obtained from lignite in the production of commercial fertilizers , 2018, Journal of Soils and Sediments.

[14]  V. Dourtoglou,et al.  Humic and Fulvic Acids as Potentially Toxic Metal Reducing Agents in Water , 2018 .

[15]  K. Hoffmann,et al.  Evaluation of the possibilities of using humic acids obtained from lignite modern water treatment , 2018 .

[16]  G. Yuan,et al.  Leonardite-derived humic substances are great adsorbents for cadmium , 2017, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[17]  M. Trevisan,et al.  New Organomineral Complex from Humic Substances Extracted from Poultry Wastes: Synthesis, Characterization and Controlled Release Study , 2017 .

[18]  F. Chemat,et al.  Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. A review. , 2017, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[19]  D. A. Khundzhua,et al.  Source indicator of commercial humic products: UV-Vis and fluorescence proxies , 2018, Journal of Soils and Sediments.

[20]  Mi Zhang,et al.  GC-MS Analysis of Membrane-Graded Fulvic Acid and Its Activity on Promoting Wheat Seed Germination , 2016, Molecules.

[21]  J. Madariaga,et al.  Determination of humic substances in sediments by focused ultrasound extraction and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy , 2016 .

[22]  Bruna Alice Gomes de Melo,et al.  Humic acids: Structural properties and multiple functionalities for novel technological developments. , 2016, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[23]  Francisco J Rodriguez,et al.  Monitoring changes in the structure and properties of humic substances following ozonation using UV-Vis, FTIR and (1)H NMR techniques. , 2016, The Science of the total environment.

[24]  Brijesh K. Tiwari,et al.  Ultrasound: A clean, green extraction technology , 2015 .

[25]  R. Spaccini,et al.  Off-line TMAH-GC/MS and NMR characterization of humic substances extracted from river sediments of northwestern São Paulo under different soil uses. , 2015, The Science of the total environment.

[26]  M. Seckler,et al.  Alkaline extraction of humic substances from peat applied to organic-mineral fertilizer production , 2014 .

[27]  M. Hayes,et al.  A comparison of the compositional differences between humic fractions isolated by the IHSS and exhaustive extraction procedures , 2014, Naturwissenschaften.

[28]  A. Shan,et al.  Effects of fulvic acid on growth performance and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs , 2013 .

[29]  N. A. Semenova,et al.  Humification and nonhumification pathways of the organic matter stabilization in soil: A review , 2013, Eurasian Soil Science.

[30]  N. Fujitake,et al.  Characterization of DAX‐8 adsorbed soil fulvic acid fractions by various types of analyses , 2012 .

[31]  G. Duff,et al.  Effect of Humic/Fulvic Acid in Beef Cattle Finishing Diets on Animal Performance, Ruminal Ammonia and Serum Urea Nitrogen Concentration , 2009 .

[32]  L. Rietveld,et al.  Selection of anionic exchange resins for removal of natural organic matter (NOM) fractions. , 2008, Water research.

[33]  P. Bermejo-Barrera,et al.  Application of microwave energy to speed up the alkaline extraction of humic and fulvic acids from marine sediments. , 2007, Analytica chimica acta.

[34]  D. Reckhow,et al.  Characterization of disinfection byproduct precursors based on hydrophobicity and molecular size. , 2007, Environmental science & technology.

[35]  A. H. Rosa,et al.  Influence of alkaline extraction on the characteristics of humic substances in Brazilian soils , 2005 .

[36]  J. Croué,et al.  Performance of selected anion exchange resins for the treatment of a high DOC content surface water. , 2005, Water research.

[37]  R. Álvarez-Puebla,et al.  Characterization of the porous structure of different humic fractions , 2005 .

[38]  J. Havel,et al.  Humic substances - compounds of still unknown structure: applications in agriculture, industry, environment, and biomedicine , 2005 .

[39]  P. Bermejo-Barrera,et al.  New trends involving the use of ultrasound energy for the extraction of humic substances from marine sediments , 2004 .

[40]  J. A. Alburquerque,et al.  Characterization of fulvic acids by elemental and spectroscopic (FTIR and 13C-NMR) analyses during composting of olive mill wastes plus straw. , 2004, Bioresource Technology.

[41]  J. Perović,et al.  DECREASE OF OXYGEN INTERFERENCE ON HUMIC ACID STRUCTURE ALTERATION DURING ISOLATION UDC 520.84:641 , 2002 .

[42]  P. MacCarthy,et al.  Quantitative evaluation of XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins used in tandem for removing organic solutes from water , 1992 .

[43]  F. J. Stevenson.  HUmus Chemistry Genesis, Composition, Reactions , 1982 .

[44]  D. S. Gamble,et al.  METAL-FULVIC ACID CHELATION EQUILIBRIUM IN AQUEOUS NaNO3 SOLUTION. Hg(II), Cd(II), AND Cu(II) FULVATE COMPLEXES , 1974 .

[45]  Brown coals and lignites � Determination of humic acids , 2022 .