Der Mainz-Pouch zur Blasenerweiterungsplastik und kontinenten Harnableitung

Die Konstruktion eines Harnreservoirs aus Darmanteilen hat drei funktionelle Ziele: 1. Niederdruckreservoir, 2. Antirefluxschutz, 3. zuverlassige Kontinenzkontrolle. Die dargestellte neue Technik eines Ileozokalpouches (Mainz-Pouch) ist in ahnlicher Form sowohl fur die Blasenaugmentation als auch fur die kontinente supravesikale Harnableitung anwendbar. Ein Niederdruckreservoir wird durch die longitudinale antimesenterielle Darmeroffnung mit Durchtrennung der zirkularen Muskelkontinuitat von Ileum und Zokum und Pouchbildung aus Zokum und zwei terminalen Ileumschlingen erzielt. Zum Antirefluxschutz dient eine Standardtechnik mit submukoser Tunnelbildung bei Ureterimplantation in das Zokum bzw. Colon asdendens. Die klinische Anwendung dieser Technik in 4 Fallen zur Blasenaugmentation und weiteren 6 Fallen zur supravesikalen Harnableitung bestatigt das funktionelle Konzept des Mainz-Pouches: Die Kapazitat der Reservoirs betragt 350-600 ml mit intraluminalen Drucken von 20-40 cm H2O bei 50% Fullung und 30-45 cm H2O bei Maximalfullung. Bei provokativer Fullung mit einer Fullungsgeschwindigkeit von 60 ml/min startet die kontraktile peristaltische Aktivitat bei einem Fullungsvolumen von 250 ml, die maximalen intraluminalen Drucke betragen 55 cm H2O (45-70 cm H2O). Ein ureteraler Reflux trat in keinem Fall auf. Im Urogramm sind die oberen Harnwege nicht dilatiert oder im Vergleich zur praoperativen Stauung gebessert mit Ausnahme einer beidseitigen Grad I-Dilatation. Alle Patienten mit Mainz-Pouch-Blasenaugmentation sind tags und nachts vollstandig trocken bei normalen Miktionsintervallen. Zwei Patienten mit Mainz-Pouchsupravesikaler Harnableitung haben eine alloplastische Sphinkterprothese zum Verschlus des Pouches, zwei andere sind aufgrund einer antiperistaltischen peripheren Ileuminvagination kontinent, bei zwei weiteren steht die Implantation eines Sphinktermechanismus noch aus. Reconstruction of urinary reservoir from bowel basically aims at three functional features: 1. low pressure reservoir, 2. antirefluxive ureteral implantation and 3. reliable sphincteric control of continence. A new technique for fashioning an ileocoecal pouch is described, which is applicable for bladder augmentation as well as continent urinary diversion. A low pressure reservoir is achieved by antimesenteric longitudinal transsection of circumferential muscular continuity of ileum and coecum and formation of a pouch from coecum and two ileal loops. The antirefluxive procedure is a submucous tunnel implantation of ureters into coecum. Clinical application of the operative technique in 4 cases for bladder augmentation and another 6 cases for urinary diversion has proved the validity of our functional concept: Capacity of the reservoirs ranges from 350-600 ml. Intraluminal pressures are 20-40 cm H2O having the reservoir filled at 50% of and 30-45 cm H2O at maximum capacity. During provocative urodynamic investigation with a filling rate of 60 ml/ min, contractile reservoir activity Startes at 250 ml filling volume creating maximum intraluminal pressures of 55 cm H2O (45-70 cm H2O). Ureteral reflux was not observed. IVP reveald no or reduced dilatation of upper tracts compared to preoperatively in all patients with exception of one bilateral grade 1 dilatation. All of the patients with MAINZ-Pouch bladder augmentation are completely dry day and night with normal intervals of bladder evacuation. Two patients with MAINZ-Pouch urinary diversion rely on an alloplastic stomal prothesis for continence, another two are continent due to an antiperistaltic peripheral ileum invagination, the remainder are awaiting implantation of a sphincteric device.

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