Impact of submerged macrophytes on phytoplankton in shallow freshwater lakes

The ubiquity of phytoplankton, and its fundamental importance as a primary producer and mediator of many major biological processes in lakes, has led to comprehensive research on its biology. Its importance for water quality and its increasing predominance as the main primary producer at the expense of submerged macrophytes in shallow lakes follow from increased nutrient loading. Often, macrophytes have completely disappeared, and nutrients are so abundant that it is difficult to conceive much bottom-up control of phytoplankton through especially phosphorus. Restriction of the nutrient loading to reduce the amount of phytoplankton and to increase water clarity and restore a more diverse biological structure has now started to reverse this process in many areas. Simultaneously, we can anticipate a renewed importance of submerged macrophytes in many lakes.

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