Light emitting diodes based on carbon dots derived from food, beverage, and combustion wastes.

One important resource for material synthesis is waste. Utilization of waste as a resource for material synthesis is an environmentally responsible approach that reduces the need for virgin resources and subsequent processing. In this report a method to produce multicolored, luminescent carbon dots (CDs) and subsequent fabrication of light emitting diodes from food, beverage, and combustion wastes, is discussed. Apart from food and beverages, combustion exhaust was also utilized for CDs production. Optical characterization results suggest that CDs from waste food and beverages are more luminescent than those produced from combustion waste.

[1]  K. Čépe,et al.  Carbon dot hybrids with oligomeric silsesquioxane: solid-state luminophores with high photoluminescence quantum yield and applicability in white light emitting devices. , 2015, Chemical communications.

[2]  J. Irudayaraj,et al.  A Rapid FTIR Spectroscopic Method for Estimation of Caffeine in Soft Drinks and Total Methylxanthines in Tea and Coffee , 2002 .

[3]  Bai Yang,et al.  Investigation of photoluminescence mechanism of graphene quantum dots and evaluation of their assembly into polymer dots , 2014 .

[4]  An investigation of rapidly synthesized Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals , 2013 .

[5]  Hao Wang,et al.  Intercrossed carbon nanorings with pure surface states as low-cost and environment-friendly phosphors for white-light-emitting diodes. , 2015, Angewandte Chemie.

[6]  F. Gao,et al.  Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon quantum dots and carbon spheres from pericarp , 2015, Science China Chemistry.

[7]  Hongbin Cao,et al.  Carbon quantum dots as novel sensitizers for photoelectrochemical solar hydrogen generation and their size-dependent effect , 2013, Nanotechnology.

[8]  E. J. Anthony,et al.  Carbon capture and storage update , 2014 .

[9]  Surajit Chatterjee,et al.  Size-dependent penetration of carbon dots inside the ferritin nanocages: evidence for the quantum confinement effect in carbon dots. , 2015, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[10]  Yan Pugen,et al.  Determination of Nitrogen Oxides with Rhodamine B by Fluorescence Quenching Method , 2011 .

[11]  Ya‐Ping Sun,et al.  Quantum-sized carbon dots for bright and colorful photoluminescence. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[12]  Bai Yang,et al.  The photoluminescence mechanism in carbon dots (graphene quantum dots, carbon nanodots, and polymer dots): current state and future perspective , 2015, Nano Research.

[13]  The development of metallic behaviour in clusters on surfaces , 1998, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[14]  T. K. Maiti,et al.  Simple one-step synthesis of highly luminescent carbon dots from orange juice: application as excellent bio-imaging agents. , 2012, Chemical communications.

[15]  Li Cao,et al.  Photoluminescence properties of graphene versus other carbon nanomaterials. , 2013, Accounts of chemical research.

[16]  K. Berka,et al.  Photoluminescence effects of graphitic core size and surface functional groups in carbon dots: COO− induced red-shift emission , 2014 .

[17]  William W. Yu,et al.  Color-switchable electroluminescence of carbon dot light-emitting diodes. , 2013, ACS nano.

[18]  Huan‐Tsung Chang,et al.  Synthesis of photoluminescent carbon dots for the detection of cobalt ions , 2015 .

[19]  Liangxu Lin,et al.  Creating high yield water soluble luminescent graphene quantum dots via exfoliating and disintegrating carbon nanotubes and graphite flakes. , 2012, Chemical communications.

[20]  D. Pang,et al.  Photoluminescence‐Tunable Carbon Nanodots: Surface‐State Energy‐Gap Tuning , 2015, Advanced materials.

[21]  Jinglin Liu,et al.  Water-soluble fluorescent carbon quantum dots and photocatalyst design. , 2010, Angewandte Chemie.

[22]  P. Freire,et al.  Temperature-dependent vibrational spectroscopic study and DFT calculations of the sorbic acid. , 2015, Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.

[23]  Guangxia Shen,et al.  Carbon dots: a safe nanoscale substance for the immunologic system of mice , 2013, Nanoscale Research Letters.

[24]  P. Maksym,et al.  Effective mass theory of interacting electron states in semiconducting carbon nanotube quantum dots , 2012 .

[25]  Youfu Wang,et al.  Practical access to bandgap-like N-doped carbon dots with dual emission unzipped from PAN@PMMA core–shell nanoparticles , 2013 .

[26]  Congxin Liang,et al.  Electronic structures of linear C4, C6, C8, and C10 carbon clusters and a symmetry breaking phenomenon , 1990 .

[27]  R. Bunshah.  Deposition Technologies for Films and Coatings: Developments and Applications , 1982 .

[28]  Hengchong Shi,et al.  Thickness-Dependent Full-Color Emission Tunability in a Flexible Carbon Dot Ionogel. , 2014, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[29]  Louis E. Brus,et al.  Electronic wave functions in semiconductor clusters: experiment and theory , 1986 .

[30]  Ya‐Ping Sun,et al.  Efficient fluorescence quenching in carbon dots by surface-doped metals--disruption of excited state redox processes and mechanistic implications. , 2012, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[31]  Ali Topcu,et al.  Rapid analysis of glucose, fructose and sucrose contents of commercial soft drinks using Raman spectroscopy , 2015 .

[32]  E. G. Ferrer,et al.  Vibrational Study and Force Field of the Citric Acid Dimer Based on the SQM Methodology , 2011 .

[33]  Youfu Wang,et al.  Carbon quantum dots: synthesis, properties and applications , 2014 .

[34]  J. Buzby,et al.  The Estimated Amount, Value, and Calories of Postharvest Food Losses at the Retail and Consumer Levels in the United States , 2014 .

[35]  M. Kneissl,et al.  Temperature and excitation power dependent photoluminescence intensity of GaInN quantum wells with varying charge carrier wave function overlap , 2010 .

[36]  M. Jiménez-Estrada,et al.  Determination of the structural changes by FT-IR, Raman, and CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy on retrograded starch of maize tortillas. , 2012, Carbohydrate polymers.

[37]  Pablo Jarillo-Herrero,et al.  Electron-hole symmetry in a semiconducting carbon nanotube quantum dot , 2004, Nature.

[38]  S. H. Kim,et al.  Extremely high color rendering white light from surface passivated carbon dots and Zn-doped AgInS2 nanocrystals , 2014 .

[39]  L. Dai,et al.  Nitrogen-doped colloidal graphene quantum dots and their size-dependent electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. , 2012, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[40]  Bai Yang,et al.  Common origin of green luminescence in carbon nanodots and graphene quantum dots. , 2014, ACS nano.

[41]  P. Ajayan,et al.  Effect of strain on the band gap and effective mass of zigzag single-wall carbon nanotubes: First-principles density-functional calculations , 2008 .

[42]  Ya‐Ping Sun,et al.  Carbon quantum dots and applications in photocatalytic energy conversion. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[43]  Sawada,et al.  Common electronic structure and pentagon pairing in extractable fullerenes. , 1995, Physical review letters.

[44]  R. Friend,et al.  Size-Dependent Photon Emission from Organometal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals Embedded in an Organic Matrix , 2015, The journal of physical chemistry letters.

[45]  W. Rudolph,et al.  Raman- and infrared-spectroscopic investigations of dilute aqueous phosphoric acid solutions. , 2010, Dalton transactions.

[46]  Wei Chen,et al.  Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots: facile synthesis and application as a "turn-off" fluorescent probe for detection of Hg2+ ions. , 2014, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[47]  R. Kubo.  Electronic Properties of Metallic Fine Particles. I. , 1962 .

[48]  B. Singh,et al.  Determination of caffeine content in coffee using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy in combination with attenuated total reflectance technique: a bioanalytical chemistry experiment for biochemists , 1998 .

[49]  Tierui Zhang,et al.  Highly luminescent nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots as effective fluorescent probes for mercuric and iodide ions , 2015 .

[50]  Jinlong Yang,et al.  Modulation and effects of surface groups on photoluminescence and photocatalytic activity of carbon dots. , 2013, Nanoscale.

[51]  Wangjing Ma,et al.  Easy synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon quantum dots from gelatin and their luminescent properties and applications , 2013 .

[52]  M. Soylak,et al.  Determination of rhodamine B in soft drink, waste water and lipstick samples after solid phase extraction. , 2011, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[53]  L. Dai,et al.  Highly luminescent carbon nanodots by microwave-assisted pyrolysis. , 2012, Chemical communications.