Impact of Cu doping on the structural, morphological and optical activity of V2O5 nanorods for photodiode fabrication and their characteristics

In this paper, we report a wet chemical precipitation method used to synthesize pure and Cu-doped V2O5 nanorods with different doping concentrations (CuxV2O5 where x = 3, 5 or 7 at%), followed by annealing at 600 °C and characterizations using several techniques. Indeed, a growth mechanism explaining the morphological evolution under the experimental conditions is also proposed. The XRD patterns revealed that all of the studied samples consist of a single V2O5 phase and are well crystallized with a preferential orientation towards the (200) direction. The presence of intrinsic defects and internal stresses in the lattice structure of the CuxV2O5 samples has been substantiated by detailed analysis of the XRD. Apart from the doping level, there was an assessment of identical tiny peaks attributed to the formation of a secondary phase of CuO. SEM images confirmed the presence of agglomerated particles on the surface; the coverage increased with Cu doping level. XPS spectral analysis showed that Cu in the V5+ matrix exists mainly in the Cu2+ state on the surface. The appearance of satellite peaks in the Cu 2p spectra, however, provided definitive evidence for the presence of Cu2+ ions in these studied samples as well. Doping-induced PL quenching was observed due to the absorption of energy from defect emission in the V5+ lattice by Cu2+ ions. We have proposed a cost-effective, less complicated but effective way of synthesizing pure and doped samples in colloidal form, deposited by the nebulizer spray technique on p-Si to establish junction diodes with enhanced optoelectronic properties.

[1]  Xuyan Liu,et al.  V2O5-Based nanomaterials: synthesis and their applications , 2018 .

[2]  Jiqi Zheng,et al.  Hydrothermal synthesis of vanadium dioxides/carbon composites and their transformation to surface-uneven V2O5 nanoparticles with high electrochemical properties , 2016 .

[3]  R. C. Ramola,et al.  Band gap widening and narrowing in Cu-doped ZnO thin films , 2016 .

[4]  Jiqi Zheng,et al.  Fabrication of V 2 O 5 with various morphologies for high-performance electrochemical capacitor , 2016 .

[5]  S. M. Abdullah,et al.  Stability enhancement in organic solar cells by incorporating V2O5 nanoparticles in the hole transport layer , 2016 .

[6]  A. Younes,et al.  Structural and optical properties of zinc oxide doped by V2O5 synthesized by solid-state reaction , 2016 .

[7]  Zhanwei Xu,et al.  V2O5 self-assembled nanosheets as high stable cathodes for Lithium-ion batteries , 2016 .

[8]  Hongchang Pang,et al.  Enhancing phase-transition sensitivity of tungsten-doped vanadium dioxide by high-temperature annealing , 2015 .

[9]  K. Ravichandran,et al.  Tuning the Microstructural and Magnetic Properties of ZnO Nanopowders through the Simultaneous Doping of Mn and Ni for Biomedical Applications , 2015 .

[10]  Wen Chen,et al.  Enhanced gas sensing properties of V2O5 nanowires decorated with SnO2 nanoparticles to ethanol at room temperature , 2015 .

[11]  N. Wang,et al.  Facile hydrothermal synthesis of ultrahigh-aspect-ratio V2O5 nanowires for high-performance supercapacitors , 2015 .

[12]  H Zhao,et al.  Facile synthesis of uniform flower-like V2O5 hierarchical architecture for high-performance Li-ion battery , 2014 .

[13]  A. Stephen,et al.  Doping of Co into V2O5 nanoparticles enhances photodegradation of methylene blue , 2014 .

[14]  S. Ruan,et al.  Application of solution-processed V2O5 in inverted polymer solar cells based on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate. , 2014, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

[15]  W. Guo,et al.  Hydrothermal synthesis of vanadium pentoxide nanostructures and their morphology control , 2013 .

[16]  L. P. Purohit,et al.  Highly transparent and conducting boron doped zinc oxide films for window of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell applications , 2012 .

[17]  Min Zeng,et al.  Synthesis of V2O5 nanostructures with various morphologies and their electrochemical and field-emission properties , 2012 .

[18]  S. Shah,et al.  Catalyst solubility and self-doping in ZnS nanostructures , 2012 .

[19]  M. El-Nahass,et al.  Current transport mechanisms and deep level transient spectroscopy of Au/n-Si Schottky barrier diodes , 2011 .

[20]  J. Livage,et al.  Morphological evolution of (NH4)(0.5)V2O5·mH2O fibers into belts, triangles, and rings. , 2011, Inorganic chemistry.

[21]  M. J. Chen,et al.  Heterogeneous lollipop-like V2O5/ZnO array: a promising composite nanostructure for visible light photocatalysis. , 2010, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[22]  F. Du,et al.  Structural and electrochemical properties of Al3+ doped V2O5 nanoparticles prepared by an oxalic acid assisted soft-chemical method , 2010 .

[23]  Ş. Aydoğan,et al.  Electrical characterization of Au/n-ZnO Schottky contacts on n-Si , 2009 .

[24]  Omer Nur,et al.  Fabrication and characterization of p-Si/n-ZnO heterostructured junctions , 2009, Microelectron. J..

[25]  W. Yang,et al.  Hollow microspheres of V2O5 and Cu-doped V2O5 as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries , 2008 .

[26]  W. Choy,et al.  Indium Tin Oxide Modified by Au and Vanadium Pentoxide as an Efficient Anode for Organic Light-Emitting Devices , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices.

[27]  Y. Kang,et al.  Inorganic Cluster Synthesis and Characterization of Transition-Metal-Doped ZnO Hollow Spheres , 2008 .

[28]  N. Hullavarad,et al.  Electrical and Optical Properties of V2O5 Micro-Nano Structures Grown by Direct Vapor Phase Deposition Method , 2008 .

[29]  J. Prater,et al.  The effect of oxygen annealing on ZnO : Cu and ZnO : (Cu,Al) diluted magnetic semiconductors , 2007 .

[30]  F. Zeng,et al.  Photoluminescence and Raman scattering of Cu-doped ZnO films prepared by magnetron sputtering , 2007 .

[31]  U. Gösele,et al.  Vapour-transport-deposition growth of ZnO nanostructures: switch between c-axial wires and a-axial belts by indium doping , 2006 .

[32]  D. Basak,et al.  Effect of substrate-induced strain on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of polycrystalline ZnO thin films , 2004 .

[33]  M. Kanatzidis,et al.  Structure of V(2)O(5)*nH(2)O xerogel solved by the atomic pair distribution function technique. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[34]  Bixia Lin,et al.  Green luminescent center in undoped zinc oxide films deposited on silicon substrates , 2001 .

[35]  Congting Sun,et al.  Surface characterization of transparent conductive oxide Al-doped ZnO films , 2000 .

[36]  M. Pruski,et al.  Vanadia Gel Synthesis via Peroxovanadate Precursors. 1. In Situ Laser Raman and 51V NMR Characterization of the Gelation Process , 2000 .

[37]  J. Livage,et al.  Synthesis of Vanadium Oxide Gels from Peroxovanadic Acid Solutions: A 51V NMR Study , 1999 .

[38]  M. Anpo,et al.  Characterization of the Local Structure of the Vanadium Silicalite (VS-2) Catalyst and Its Photocatalytic Reactivity for the Decomposition of NO into N2 and O2 , 1999 .

[39]  H. Schulz,et al.  Structure parameters and polarity of the wurtzite type compounds Sic—2H and ZnO , 1979 .

[40]  G. Schön.  ESCA studies of Cu, Cu2O and CuO , 1973 .

[41]  P. Hagenmuller,et al.  Les bronzes oxygénés de vanadium de formule CuxV2O5: I. Structure cristalline des phases CuxV2O5β et CuxV2O5ϵ , 1970 .

[42]  Murthy Chavali,et al.  Effect of post-growth annealing on the structural, optical and electrical properties of V2O5 nanorods and its fabrication, characterization of V2O5/p-Si junction diode , 2016 .

[43]  D. Su,et al.  Synthesis and electrode performance of nanostructured V2O5 by using a carbon tube-in-tube as a nanoreactor and an efficient mixed-conducting network. , 2009, Angewandte Chemie.

[44]  Niloy K. Dutta,et al.  The case for Auger recombination in In1−xGaxAsyP1−y , 1982 .

[45]  I. Nakai,et al.  X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of copper minerals , 1978 .