Analysis of Ratio and Phase Errors over Time for Low Power Voltage Transformers

Future smart grids will increasingly rely on automated functionalities for the efficient management of the electric grid and of its assets. The reliable processing of the measurement data collected from the field will play thus a critical role. In such a scenario, the detailed knowledge of the metrological characteristics of the used sensors and of their behavior under specific operating conditions can be of paramount importance to properly design and tune management and control algorithms. In this paper, the goal is to analyze the characteristics of the measurement errors over time for instrument transformers typically adopted as voltage and current sensors. Such analysis is relevant to understand the properties of the measurement errors over time, given, for example, the large use of applications based on Kalman-filter theory or other approaches based on the dynamic processing of measurements over time. The paper presents laboratory tests performed on different Low-Power Instrument Transformers and discusses the statistical properties of the associated measurement errors.

[1]  Michal Kaczmarek,et al.  Simulation of the influence of conductive disturbances on accuracy of the voltage transformers during measurements of the power quality , 2009, 2009 10th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation.

[2]  Antonello Monti,et al.  Calibration of Synchronized Measurement System: from the Instrument Transformer to the PMU , 2018, 2018 IEEE 9th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS).

[4]  Antonio Cataliotti,et al.  Metrological performances of voltage and current instrument transformers in harmonics measurements , 2018, 2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC).

[5]  S. Standard.  GUIDE TO THE EXPRESSION OF UNCERTAINTY IN MEASUREMENT , 2006 .

[6]  Lorenzo Peretto,et al.  Effect of temperature on the accuracy of inductive current transformers , 2018, 2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC).

[7]  Lorenzo Peretto,et al.  Assessment of Metrological Characteristics of Calibration Systems for Accuracy vs. Temperature Verification of Voltage Transformer , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS).

[8]  H. Laiz,et al.  Characterization of instrument transformers with nonsinusoidal waveforms , 2002, Conference Digest Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements.

[9]  Mario Paolone,et al.  Performance Assessment of Linear State Estimators Using Synchrophasor Measurements , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[10]  A. Lipsky,et al.  Errors in measuring of high voltage harmonics in the medium voltage power networks , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON).

[11]  Ali Abur,et al.  Power System Dynamic State Estimation: Motivations, Definitions, Methodologies, and Future Work , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[12]  Antonello Monti,et al.  A New Kalman Filter Approach Including System Frequency for an Effective PMU-based Power System State Estimation , 2019, 2019 IEEE 10th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS).

[13]  Junbo Zhao,et al.  Robust Ensemble Kalman Filter for Medium-Voltage Distribution System State Estimation , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[14]  Lukas Cesky,et al.  Overheating of primary and secondary coils of voltage instrument transformers , 2017, 2017 18th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE).

[15]  A. Abu-Siada,et al.  A New Online Temperature Compensation Technique for Electronic Instrument Transformers , 2019, IEEE Access.

[16]  Daniele Fontanelli,et al.  Uncertainty Analysis of Distribution System State Estimation based on Extended Kalman Filtering and Phasor Measurement Units , 2019, 2019 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC).

[17]  Zhao Wei,et al.  Research on the capacitor voltage transformer measurement error under harmonic environment , 2013, 2013 Chinese Automation Congress.

[18]  B. Ayhan,et al.  Establishment of an Instrument Transformer Calibration System at SASO NMCC , 2018, 2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018).

[19]  V. Sivan,et al.  Measurement of Temperature Gradients Inside a Medium Voltage Current Transformer , 2007, 2007 39th North American Power Symposium.