Complete Propagation Model Structure Inside Tunnels

In this paper, a complete model structure for propagation inside tunnels is presented by following the segmentation-based modeling thought. According to the concrete propagation mechanism, totally flve zones and four dividing points are modeled to constitute three channel structures corresponding to large-size users and small- size users. Firstly, the propagation characteristics and mechanisms in all the zones are modeled. Then, from the view point of the propagation mechanism, the criterion of judging the type of a user is analytically derived. Afterwards, all the dividing points are analytically localized as well. Finally, a panorama covering all the propagation mechanisms, characteristics, models, and dividing pints for all types of users is presented for the flrst time. This panorama is very useful to gain a comprehensive understanding of the propagation inside tunnels. Validations show that by using the analytical equations in this paper, designers can easily realize a fast network planning for all types of users in various tunnels at difierent frequencies.

[1]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Channel modeling and analysis for wireless networks in underground mines and road tunnels , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[2]  D. Caratelli,et al.  A Numerical Scheme for the Solution of the Vector Parabolic Equation Governing the Radio Wave Propagation in Straight and Curved Rectangular Tunnels , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[3]  Gorazd Kandus,et al.  Four-slope channel model for path loss prediction in tunnels at 400 MHz , 2010 .

[4]  P. Degauque,et al.  Wireless propagation in tunnels , 2007, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.

[5]  Chandima Gomes,et al.  Evaluation of electromagnetic fields associated with inclined lightning channel using second order FDTD-hybrid methods , 2011 .

[6]  Yue Ping Zhang.  Novel model for propagation loss prediction in tunnels , 2003, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol..

[7]  B. Ai,et al.  FIVE-ZONE PROPAGATION MODEL FOR LARGE-SIZE VEHICLES INSIDE TUNNELS , 2013 .

[8]  Jie Li,et al.  CHARACTERISTICS OF GUIDED MODES IN UNIAXIAL CHIRAL CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDES , 2012 .

[9]  Monai Krairiksh,et al.  Path-Loss Prediction of Radio Wave Propagation in an Orchard by Using Modified UTD Method , 2012 .

[10]  Y.-G. Lee.  ELECTRIC FIELD DISCONTINUITY-CONSIDERED EFFECTIVE-PERMITTIVITIES AND INTEGRATION-TENSORS FOR THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE-DIFFERENCE TIME-DOMAIN METHOD , 2011 .

[11]  L. Cristoforetti,et al.  Parallel Implementation of a 3D Subgridding FDTD Algorithm for Large Simulations , 2011 .

[12]  Ke Guan,et al.  Measurement of Distributed Antenna Systems at 2.4 GHz in a Realistic Subway Tunnel Environment , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[13]  Yong-Gu Lee.  ELECTRIC FIELD DISCONTINUITY-CONSIDERED EFFECTIVE-PERMITTIVITIES AND INTEGRATION- TENSORS FOR THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE- DIFFERENCE TIME-DOMAIN METHOD , 2011 .

[14]  Zhangdui Zhong,et al.  Propagation Mechanism Modeling in the Near-Region of Arbitrary Cross-Sectional Tunnels , 2012 .

[15]  A. G. Emslie,et al.  Theory of the propagation of UHF radio waves in coal mine tunnels , 1975 .

[16]  D. Sánchez-Escuderos,et al.  Optimization of the E-plane loaded rectangular waveguide for low-loss propagation , 2013 .

[17]  Rainer Leonhardt,et al.  RAY-OPTICS ANALYSIS OF SINGLE MODE CONDITION FOR OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES WITH RECTANGULAR CROSS-SECTION , 2013 .

[18]  Yunhua Zhang,et al.  GROUND MOVING TRAIN IMAGING BY KU-BAND RADAR WITH TWO RECEIVING CHANNELS , 2012 .

[19]  Lixin Guo,et al.  A QUASI THREE-DIMENSIONAL RAY TRACING METHOD BASED ON THE VIRTUAL SOURCE TREE IN URBAN MICROCELLULAR ENVIRONMENTS , 2011 .

[20]  Cesar Briso-Rodríguez,et al.  Measurements and Modeling of Distributed Antenna Systems in Railway Tunnels , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.