Cycle by cycle NOx model for diesel engine control

Abstract This paper presents a model for on-line NOx estimation. The method uses both, low frequency components and high frequency components of in-cylinder pressure signal: it harnesses in-cylinder pressure resonance to estimate the trapped mass, and based on this measurement, a NOx model is adapted to estimate NOx emissions cycle by cycle. In addition of the in-cylinder pressure signal, the procedure only requires from lambda and air mass flow to estimate NOx, so it can give a direct estimation of NOx or improve transient response and aging of current NOx sensors. The method was validated on a CI engine with high pressure EGR loop under steady and transient conditions showing errors below 10% and cycle by cycle time response.

[1]  Antonio J. Torregrosa,et al.  Combustion noise level assessment in direct injection Diesel engines by means of in-cylinder pressure components , 2007 .

[2]  Pierre Bonnel,et al.  On-road Emissions and Fuel Economy of Light Duty Vehicles using PEMS: Chase-Testing Experiment , 2008 .

[3]  Carlos Guardiola,et al.  Determination of the resonance response in an engine cylinder with a bowl-in-piston geometry by the finite element method for inferring the trapped mass , 2016 .

[4]  Myoungho Sunwoo,et al.  Real-time combustion parameter estimation algorithm for light-duty diesel engines using in-cylinder pressure measurement , 2013 .

[5]  Francisco José Arnau,et al.  A Simple Model for Predicting the Trapped Mass in a DI Diesel Engine , 2007 .

[6]  Zhen Huang,et al.  Fuel design and management for the control of advanced compression-ignition combustion modes , 2011 .

[7]  Carlos Guardiola,et al.  A direct transform for determining the trapped mass on an internal combustion engine based on the in-cylinder pressure resonance phenomenon , 2015 .

[8]  Mirko Baratta,et al.  Development and assessment of a new methodology for end of combustion detection and its application to cycle resolved heat release analysis in IC engines , 2012 .

[9]  Francisco Payri,et al.  Diesel NOx Modeling with a Reduction Mechanism for the Initial NOx Coming from EGR or Re-entrained , 2008 .

[10]  Benjamín Pla,et al.  A methodology to identify the intake charge cylinder-to-cylinder distribution in turbocharged direct injection Diesel engines , 2008 .

[11]  Carlos Guardiola,et al.  Estimation of trapped mass by in-cylinder pressure resonance in HCCI engines , 2016 .

[12]  C. Draper,et al.  The physical effects of detonation in a closed cylindrical chamber , 1933 .

[13]  Jose J. Lopez,et al.  Evaluation of the Thermal NO formation mechanism under low-temperature diesel combustion conditions , 2012 .

[14]  Lino Guzzella,et al.  A fast and accurate physics-based model for the NOx emissions of Diesel engines , 2013 .

[15]  Carlos Guardiola,et al.  A methodology for combustion detection in diesel engines through in-cylinder pressure derivative signal , 2010 .

[16]  Ming Zheng,et al.  Exhaust gas recirculation for advanced diesel combustion cycles , 2014 .

[17]  Antonio J. Torregrosa,et al.  Experiments on the influence of intake conditions on local instantaneous heat flux in reciprocating , 2011 .

[18]  Carlos Guardiola,et al.  An on-engine method for dynamic characterisation of NOx concentration sensors , 2011 .

[19]  Juan J. Hernández,et al.  Role of the Chemical Kinetics on Modeling NOx Emissions in Diesel Engines , 2008 .

[20]  L. Guzzella,et al.  Optimisation-oriented modelling of the NOx emissions of a Diesel engine , 2013 .

[21]  Alberto Broatch,et al.  New methodology for in-cylinder pressure analysis in direct injection diesel engines—application to combustion noise , 2005 .

[22]  C. Bowman.  Kinetics of pollutant formation and destruction in combustion , 1975 .

[23]  Carlos Guardiola,et al.  Cycle by Cycle Trapped Mass Estimation for Diagnosis and Control , 2014 .

[24]  Lino Guzzella,et al.  Feedback control of particulate matter and nitrogen oxide emissions in diesel engines , 2013 .

[25]  Rolf Isermann,et al.  Identification of Emission Measurement Dynamics for Diesel Engines , 2011 .

[26]  Y. Zeldovich,et al.  25. The Oxidation of Nitrogen in Combustion and Explosions , 1992 .

[27]  Dejan Kihas,et al.  Engine-Out NOx Models for on-ECU Implementation: A Brief Overview , 2015 .

[28]  Theodoros Vlachos,et al.  In-Use Emissions Testing with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) in the Current and Future European Vehicle Emissions Legislation: Overview, Underlying Principles and Expected Benefits , 2014 .

[29]  Douglas A. Feldmaier,et al.  Cavity resonances in engine combustion chambers and some applications , 1983 .

[30]  Usman Asad,et al.  Fast heat release characterization of a diesel engine , 2008 .

[31]  John B. Heywood,et al.  Internal combustion engine fundamentals , 1988 .

[32]  Carlos Guardiola,et al.  Air mass flow estimation in turbocharged diesel engines from in-cylinder pressure measurement , 2010 .

[33]  G. Woschni.  A Universally Applicable Equation for the Instantaneous Heat Transfer Coefficient in the Internal Combustion Engine , 1967 .

[34]  Ezio Spessa,et al.  A control-oriented real-time semi-empirical model for the prediction of NOx emissions in diesel engines , 2014 .

[35]  Antonio J. Torregrosa,et al.  A Tool for Predicting the Thermal Performance of a Diesel Engine , 2011 .

[36]  C. Letellier,et al.  Semi-physical mean-value NOx model for diesel engine control , 2015 .

[37]  C. P. Fenimore,et al.  Formation of nitric oxide in premixed hydrocarbon flames , 1971 .

[38]  Olivier Grondin,et al.  State of the Art and Analysis of Control Oriented NOx Models , 2012 .

[39]  J. David Powell,et al.  Engine control using cylinder pressure : past, present, and future , 1993 .

[40]  Per Tunestål,et al.  Self-tuning gross heat release computation for internal combustion engines , 2009 .

[42]  Johann Riegel,et al.  Exhaust gas sensors for automotive emission control , 2002 .

[43]  D. Cipolat,et al.  Analysis of energy release and NOx emissions of a CI engine fuelled on diesel and DME , 2007 .

[44]  O. Armas,et al.  Diagnosis of DI Diesel combustion from in-cylinder pressure signal by estimation of mean thermodynamic properties of the gas , 1999 .

[45]  M Lindgren,et al.  Effects of Transient Conditions on Exhaust Emissions from two Non-road Diesel Engines , 2004 .

[46]  M. David Checkel,et al.  Time Resolution Effects on Accuracy of Real-Time NOx Emissions Measurements , 2005 .

[47]  Gabriele Serra,et al.  A Model for EGR Mass Flow Rate Estimation , 1997 .

[48]  C. Finol,et al.  Thermal modelling of modern engines: A review of empirical correlations to estimate the in-cylinder heat transfer coefficient , 2006 .

[49]  Jeremy Worm.  An Evaluation of Several Methods for Calculating Transient Trapped Air Mass with Emphasis on the “Delta P” Approach , 2005 .

[50]  H. Climent,et al.  ECU-oriented models for NO x prediction. Part 2: adaptive estimation by using an NO x sensor , 2015 .

[51]  Tao Xu,et al.  The engine knock analysis – An overview , 2012 .

[52]  Corning,et al.  Vehicular Emissions in Review , 2012 .

[53]  Carlos Guardiola,et al.  ECU-oriented models for NOx prediction. Part 1: a mean value engine model for NOx prediction , 2015 .

[54]  N Ladommatos,et al.  Control of oxides of nitrogen from diesel engines using diluents while minimising the impact on particulate pollutants , 1998 .

[55]  Carlos Guardiola,et al.  Sensitivity Study of a NOx Estimation Model for On-Board Applications , 2008 .

[56]  Jose J. Lopez,et al.  Semiempirical in-cylinder pressure based model for NOX prediction oriented to control applications , 2011 .