Comparative Evaluation of Two Straight Vegetable Oils and Their Methyl Ester Biodiesels as Fuel Extenders in HDDI Diesel Engines: Performance and Emissions

AbstractThe present work evaluates the effects of using blends of diesel fuel with two (straight) vegetable oils, viz sunflower and cottonseed, and their corresponding methyl ester biodiesels in proportions of 10% and 20% (by volume), on the performance and emissions of a fully instrumented, six-cylinder, turbocharged and after-cooled, heavy-duty direct injection (HDDI), Mercedes-Benz, bus diesel engine. The series of tests are conducted using each of the biofuels blends, with the engine working at (the same) three loads and two speeds, with measurements taken of fuel consumption and exhaust regulated emissions, i.e., smoke, nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and total unburned hydrocarbons (HC). Results of heat release combustion analysis of experimentally obtained cylinder pressure diagrams, together with the differing physical and chemical properties of these biofuels against those for the diesel fuel, which constitutes the baseline fuel, aid the correct interpretation of the observed engine ...

[1]  Dimitrios C. Kyritsis,et al.  Electrostatic atomization of hydrocarbon fuels and bio-alcohols for engine applications , 2012 .

[2]  A. Demirbas,et al.  Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical alcohol transesterifications and other methods: a survey , 2003 .

[3]  C. D. Rakopoulos,et al.  Investigation of the performance and emissions of bus engine operating on butanol/diesel fuel blends , 2010 .

[4]  Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos,et al.  Experimental heat release analysis and emissions of a HSDI diesel engine fueled with ethanol–diesel fuel blends , 2007 .

[5]  Dimitrios C. Kyritsis,et al.  Experimental-stochastic investigation of the combustion cyclic variability in HSDI diesel engine using ethanol–diesel fuel blends , 2008 .

[6]  Su Han Park,et al.  A study of spray strategies on improvement of engine performance and emissions reduction characteris , 2011 .

[7]  Alex C. Alkidas,et al.  Combustion advancements in gasoline engines , 2007 .

[8]  Mustafa Canakci,et al.  Performance and exhaust emissions of a biodiesel engine , 2006 .

[9]  Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos,et al.  Comparative performance and emissions study of a direct injection Diesel engine using blends of Diesel fuel with vegetable oils or bio-diesels of various origins , 2006 .

[10]  J. Agudelo,et al.  Effect of altitude and palm oil biodiesel fuelling on the performance and combustion characteristics of a HSDI diesel engine , 2009 .

[11]  Robert S. Barlow,et al.  Piloted jet flames of CH4/H2/air: Experiments on localized extinction in the near field at high Reynolds numbers , 2009 .

[12]  Ujjwal K. Saha,et al.  Thermodynamic analysis of a variable compression ratio diesel engine running with palm oil methyl ester. , 2013 .

[13]  Zuo-hua Huang,et al.  Emission characteristics of a spark-ignition engine fuelled with gasoline-n-butanol blends in combination with EGR , 2012 .

[14]  Maria A. Founti,et al.  Comparative environmental behavior of bus engine operating on blends of diesel fuel with four straight vegetable oils of Greek origin: Sunflower, cottonseed, corn and olive , 2011 .

[15]  Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos,et al.  Effects of ethanol-diesel fuel blends on the performance and exhaust emissions of heavy duty DI diesel engine , 2008 .

[16]  Ram Prasad,et al.  TRIGLYCERIDES-BASED DIESEL FUELS , 2000 .

[17]  José Antonio Velásquez,et al.  Heat release and engine performance effects of soybean oil ethyl ester blending into diesel fuel , 2011 .

[18]  Robert L. McCormick,et al.  Combustion of fat and vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines , 1998 .

[19]  Rong Fung Huang,et al.  Computational Study on the Effect of Inlet Port Configuration on In-Cylinder Flow of a Motored Four-Valve Internal Combustion Engine , 2011 .

[20]  Constantine D. Rakopoulos,et al.  Numerical Investigation into the Formation of CO and Oxygenated and Nonoxygenated Hydrocarbon Emissions from Isooctane- and Ethanol-Fueled HCCI Engines , 2010 .

[21]  Dimitrios C. Kyritsis,et al.  Experimental investigation of bio-butanol laminar non-premixed flamelets , 2012 .

[22]  A. Megaritis,et al.  Partially premixed charge compression ignition engine with on-board H2 production by exhaust gas fuel reforming of diesel and biodiesel , 2005 .

[23]  C. D. Rakopoulos,et al.  Combustion heat release analysis of ethanol or n-butanol diesel fuel blends in heavy-duty DI diesel engine , 2011 .

[24]  R. Reitz.  Directions in internal combustion engine research , 2013 .

[25]  Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos,et al.  Development and application of multi-zone model for combustion and pollutants formation in direct injection diesel engine running with vegetable oil or its bio-diesel , 2007 .

[26]  J. Demuynck,et al.  Comparison of the renewable transportation fuels, hydrogen and methanol formed from hydrogen, with gasoline – Engine efficiency study , 2012 .

[27]  Dimitrios C. Kyritsis,et al.  Fuel composition effect on the electrostatically-driven atomization of bio-butanol containing engine fuel blends , 2012 .

[28]  Dimitrios C. Kyritsis,et al.  An experimental comparison of non-premixed bio-butanol flames with the corresponding flames of ethanol and methane , 2011 .

[29]  Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos,et al.  Studying combustion and cyclic irregularity of diethyl ether as supplement fuel in diesel engine , 2013 .

[30]  Adnan Parlak,et al.  Part Load Performance Characteristics of a Low-Heat Rejection Diesel Engine Fueled with Biodiesel , 2011 .

[31]  Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos,et al.  Multi-zone modeling of Diesel engine fuel spray development with vegetable oil, bio-diesel or Diesel fuels , 2006 .

[32]  Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos,et al.  Investigation of the combustion of neat cottonseed oil or its neat bio-diesel in a HSDI diesel engine by experimental heat release and statistical analyses , 2010 .

[33]  C. D. Rakopoulos,et al.  Effects of butanol–diesel fuel blends on the performance and emissions of a high-speed DI diesel engine , 2010 .

[34]  Sibendu Som,et al.  A comparison of injector flow and spray characteristics of biodiesel with petrodiesel , 2010 .

[35]  Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos,et al.  Exhaust emissions of diesel engines operating under transient conditions with biodiesel fuel blends , 2012 .

[36]  A. Elmitwally,et al.  High-Performance Isolated PV-Diesel System , 2009 .

[37]  S. K. Haldar,et al.  Studies on the comparison of performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using three degummed non-edible vegetable oils , 2009 .

[38]  A. Tsolakis,et al.  Engine performance and emissions of a diesel engine operating on diesel-RME (rapeseed methyl ester) blends with EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) , 2007 .

[39]  Avinash Kumar Agarwal,et al.  Experimental investigations of performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Karanja oil blends fuelled DICI engine. , 2013 .

[40]  Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos,et al.  Multi-zone modeling of combustion and emissions formation in DI diesel engine operating on ethanol–diesel fuel blends , 2008 .

[41]  C. D. Rakopoulos,et al.  Exhaust emissions with ethanol or n-butanol diesel fuel blends during transient operation: A review , 2013 .

[42]  C. D. Rakopoulos,et al.  Performance and emissions of bus engine using blends of diesel fuel with bio-diesel of sunflower or cottonseed oils derived from Greek feedstock , 2008 .

[43]  Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos,et al.  Characteristics of performance and emissions in high-speed direct injection diesel engine fueled with diethyl ether/diesel fuel blends , 2012 .

[44]  Hoon Kiat Ng,et al.  Engine-out characterisation using speed–load mapping and reduced test cycle for a light-duty diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel blends , 2011 .

[45]  C. E. Goering,et al.  Diesel Engine Combustion of Sunflower Oil Fuels , 1984 .