Optimization of High EPA Structured Phospholipids Synthesis from ω-3 Fatty Acid Enriched Oil and Soy Lecithin

The molecular structure of phospholipids can be changed enzymatically to obtain different tailor-made phospholipids. Incorporation of -3 fatty acids into phospholipids structure increased their oxidative stability, suggesting more health beneficial phospholipids. This study aimed to optimize eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) incorporation into phospholipids structure by acidolysis reaction using free lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) from Rhizomucor miehei. Deoiled soy lecithin from anjasmoro variety was used as phospholipids source, while -3 fatty acid enriched oil was used as acyl source. Oil enriched with -3 fatty acids was obtained from low temperature solvent crystallization of lemuru (Sardinella longiceps) by-product. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used in this study to determine the relationship between the three factors (enzyme concentration, reaction time and substrate ratio) and their effects on EPA incorporation into soy lecithin structure. The results showed that the relation between EPA content with three factors (reaction time, enzyme concentration and substrate ratio) was quadratic. The significant factors were substrate ratio and reaction time. Optimum conditions at a ratio of 3.77:1 between -3 fatty acids enriched oil and soy lecithin, 30% lipase concentration, and 24.08 h reaction time, gave 22.81% of EPA content of structured phospholipids.

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