Urban Sprawl—verstehen, messen, steuern

During the 1990s, the phenomenon of urban sprawl received growing attention in the international planning debate. However, a survey of the literature yields no agreement in terms of defining and measuring urban sprawl. The absence of a common understanding constrains the analysis of sprawl's causes, costs and consequences, as well as the formulation of planning strategies towards economically, ecologically and socially acceptable land use patterns. Politicians and planners aiming to contain sprawl must agree upon a definition and a method for measuring progress in order to track their progress. This paper is intended to improve the understanding of causes, characteristics and effects of sprawl-type land use development, based on an overview of the international literature. In the first part, it gives a synthesis of sprawl definitions and measurement concepts. The second part outlines the dispute on causes and costs of urban sprawl and reflects possible empirical influences. Finally, a methodological frame...

[1]  R. Lathrop,et al.  Land resource impact indicators of urban sprawl , 2003 .

[2]  M. Bontje.  From suburbia to post-suburbia in the Netherlands: Potentials and threats for sustainable regional development , 2004 .

[3]  Robert Cervero,et al.  Efficient Urbanisation: Economic Performance and the Shape of the Metropolis , 2001 .

[4]  Reid Ewing,et al.  Travel and the Built Environment: A Synthesis , 2001 .

[5]  R. Crane,et al.  Traffic and Sprawl: Evidence from U.S. Commuting, 1985 To 1997* , 2003 .

[6]  S. Raudenbush,et al.  Relationship between Urban Sprawl and Physical Activity, Obesity, and Morbidity , 2003, American journal of health promotion : AJHP.

[7]  Matthew E. Kahn,et al.  Sprawl and Urban Growth , 2003 .

[8]  B. Meredith Burke,et al.  Book Review: Who Sprawls Most? How Growth Patterns Differ Across the U.S. William Fulton, Rolf Pendall, Mai Nguyen, and Alicia Harrison. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, July 2001 (www.brook.edu/urban/fulton%2d pendall.htm) , 2002 .

[9]  Mark E. Hanson,et al.  Automobile Subsidies and Land Use: Estimates and Policy Responses , 1992 .

[10]  R. Friedrich,et al.  Vorprojekt zur Entwicklung und Anwendung eines räumlich differenzierten Indikatorsystems zur Messung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung in Baden-Württemberg : Abschlußbericht , 2000 .

[11]  G. Squires.  URBAN SPRAWL AND THE UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT OF METROPOLITAN AMERICA. IN: URBAN SPRAWL: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND POLICY RESPONSES , 2002 .

[12]  M. Clawson.  Urban Sprawl and Speculation in Suburban Land , 1962 .

[13]  Michael P. Johnson.  Environmental Impacts of Urban Sprawl: A Survey of the Literature and Proposed Research Agenda , 2001 .

[14]  P. Gordon,et al.  Are Compact Cities a Desirable Planning Goal , 1997 .

[15]  Jeffrey Kenworthy,et al.  Gasoline Consumption and Cities: A Comparison of U.S. Cities with a Global Survey , 1989 .

[16]  G. Galster,et al.  Wrestling Sprawl to the Ground: Defining and measuring an elusive concept , 2001 .

[17]  Selima Sultana.  Some Effects of Employment Centers on Commuting Times in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area, 1990 , 2013 .

[18]  A. Nelson.  Comparing states with and without growth management Analysis based on indicators with policy implications , 1999 .

[19]  William A. Fischel.  The Urbanization of Agricultural Land: A Review of the National Agricultural Lands Study , 1982 .

[20]  Eran Razin,et al.  Are Fragmentation and Sprawl Interlinked? , 2000 .

[21]  R. Peiser.  Decomposing urban sprawl , 2001 .

[22]  Russ Lopez,et al.  Sprawl In The 1990s , 2003, Urban affairs review.

[23]  William Matthew Semple.  URBAN sprawl. , 1952, British medical journal.

[24]  M. Jenks,et al.  Centrists, Decentrists and Compromisers: Views on the Future of Urban Form , 2003 .

[25]  R. Ewing,et al.  MEASURING SPRAWL AND ITS IMPACT , 2002 .

[26]  W. Clark,et al.  The Nature and Economics of Urban Sprawl , 1965 .

[27]  R. Cervero.  JOBS-HOUSING BALANCE REVISITED: TRENDS AND IMPACTS IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA. , 1996 .

[28]  Ddt Chen,et al.  Once There Were Greenfields: How Urban Sprawl is Undermining America's Environment, Economy, and Social Fabric , 1999 .

[29]  S. Siedentop.  Siedlungsstrukturelle Veränderungen im Umland der Agglomerationsräume , 2003 .

[30]  Mobilität und Verkehr im suburbanen Kontext , 2001 .

[31]  R. Ewing.  Is Los Angeles-Style Sprawl Desirable? , 1997 .

[32]  N. Thompson Hobbs,et al.  Estimating the cumulative effects of development on wildlife habitat , 1997 .

[33]  Paul A. Jargowsky,et al.  Sprawl, Concentration of Poverty, and Urban Inequality * , 2001 .

[34]  T. Sieverts.  Zwischenstadt: Zwischen Ort und Welt, Raum und Zeit, Stadt und Land , 1999 .

[35]  Chang-Hee Christine Bae,et al.  Urban Sprawl in Western Europe and the United States , 2004 .

[36]  David Banister,et al.  Planning more to travel less: land use and transport , 1999 .

[37]  W. Fischel.  Growth Management Reconsidered: Good for the Town, Bad for the Nation? A Comment , 1991 .

[38]  David M. Theobald,et al.  Land‐Use Dynamics Beyond the American Urban Fringe* , 2001 .

[39]  M. Jun,et al.  THE COMMUTING PARADOX: EVIDENCE FROM THE TOP TWENTY , 1991 .

[40]  Gregory D. Squires,et al.  Urban Sprawl: Causes, Consequences, & Policy Responses , 2002 .

[41]  Robert E. Lang,et al.  OFFICE SPRAWL: THE EVOLVING GEOGRAPHY OF BUSINESS , 2000 .

[42]  R. Ewing,et al.  MEASURING THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF SPRAWL: A NATIONAL ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, OBESITY AND CHRONIC DISEASE , 2003 .

[43]  A. Downs.  Some Realities about Sprawl and Urban Decline , 1999 .

[44]  R. Kling,et al.  Postsuburban California: The Transformation of Orange County since World War II. , 1991 .

[45]  R. Putnam.  Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital , 1995, The City Reader.

[46]  Denise Pumain,et al.  Urban Sprawl: is there a French case? , 2004 .

[47]  Marie-Hélène Vandersmissen,et al.  Analyzing Changes in Urban Form and Commuting Time* , 2003 .

[48]  G. Knaap,et al.  Measuring Urban Form: Is Portland Winning the War on Sprawl? , 2004 .

[49]  D. Levinson,et al.  The Rational Locator: Why Travel Times Have Remained Stable , 1994 .