Multitrait–Multimethod Designs

Multitrait–multimethod (MTMM) designs refer to a construct validation approach proposed by Campbell and Fiske in 1959. To apply MTMM designs, researchers assess multiple traits (i.e., psychological constructs) for a group of individuals using multiple methods that are maximally different. Correlation coefficients among the multiple constructs so produced are then compared to evaluate convergent and discriminant validity. To ensure validity, correlations between the same trait assessed with different methods must be sufficiently large and larger than those between different traits assessed with either the same or different methods. Further, the same pattern of correlations should exist between traits within each method.

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