Body Mass Index and Risk for Intubation or Death in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Obesity has been associated with COVID-19 and with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome but is also associated with comorbidities that place patients at higher risk. This study examines whether obesity is associated with intubation or death—as well as biomarkers of inflammation, cardiac injury, or fibrinolysis—in the context of COVID-19 disease independent of obesity-related comorbidities.

[1]  N. M. Hettiarachchi,et al.  Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 , 2020, Journal of the Ceylon College of Physicians.

[2]  F. Martinez,et al.  Obesity and COVID-19 in New York City: A Retrospective Cohort Study , 2020, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[3]  L. Liang,et al.  Association of asthma and its genetic predisposition with the risk of severe COVID-19 , 2020, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

[4]  Kipp W. Johnson,et al.  Prevalence and Impact of Myocardial Injury in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Infection , 2020, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[5]  K. Hajifathalian,et al.  Obesity is Associated with Worse Outcomes in COVID‐19: Analysis of Early Data from New York City , 2020, Obesity.

[6]  Soumitra Sengupta,et al.  Characterization and clinical course of 1000 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York: retrospective case series , 2020, BMJ.

[7]  V. Lambadiari,et al.  Obesity and COVID-19: immune and metabolic derangement as a possible link to adverse clinical outcomes , 2020, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[8]  P. Horby,et al.  Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study , 2020, BMJ.

[9]  Leora I. Horwitz,et al.  Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study , 2020, BMJ.

[10]  Axel Haverich,et al.  Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19. , 2020, The New England journal of medicine.

[11]  C. del Rio,et al.  Assessment of Deaths From COVID-19 and From Seasonal Influenza. , 2020, JAMA internal medicine.

[12]  M. Aepfelbacher,et al.  Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19 , 2020, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[13]  P. Welling,et al.  Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19: Emerging Evidence of a Distinct Pathophysiology. , 2020, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[14]  K. Mertz,et al.  Postmortem examination of COVID‐19 patients reveals diffuse alveolar damage with severe capillary congestion and variegated findings in lungs and other organs suggesting vascular dysfunction , 2020, Histopathology.

[15]  Yi Wang,et al.  Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial , 2020, The Lancet.

[16]  V. Fuster,et al.  Prevalence and Impact of Myocardial Injury in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 Infection , 2020, medRxiv.

[17]  Eun Ji Kim,et al.  Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area. , 2020, JAMA.

[18]  D. Brodie,et al.  Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study , 2020, medRxiv.

[19]  Holger Moch,et al.  Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19 , 2020, The Lancet.

[20]  Nathaniel Hupert,et al.  Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in New York City , 2020, The New England journal of medicine.

[21]  M. Netea,et al.  Complex Immune Dysregulation in COVID-19 Patients with Severe Respiratory Failure , 2020, Cell Host & Microbe.

[22]  David Berlin,et al.  Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: A report of five cases , 2020, Translational Research.

[23]  Erwan L'Her,et al.  Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19 , 2020, The New England journal of medicine.

[24]  D. Mathieu,et al.  High Prevalence of Obesity in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Requiring Invasive Mechanical Ventilation , 2020, Obesity.

[25]  Anna Stachel,et al.  Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for Covid-19 hospital admission , 2020, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[26]  W. Dietz,et al.  Obesity and its Implications for COVID‐19 Mortality , 2020, Obesity.

[27]  Allan Schwartz,et al.  COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease , 2020, Circulation.

[28]  M. Lipsitch,et al.  Estimating clinical severity of COVID-19 from the transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China , 2020, Nature Medicine.

[29]  D. Brodie,et al.  The Variety of Cardiovascular Presentations of COVID-19 , 2020, Circulation.

[30]  M. He,et al.  [Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 112 cardiovascular disease patients infected by 2019-nCoV]. , 2020, Zhonghua xin xue guan bing za zhi.

[31]  K. Yuen,et al.  Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China , 2020, The New England journal of medicine.

[32]  M. Lipsitch,et al.  Defining the Epidemiology of Covid-19 - Studies Needed. , 2020, The New England journal of medicine.

[33]  Louisa H Smith,et al.  Bounding Bias Due to Selection , 2018, Epidemiology.

[34]  P. Hakendorf,et al.  The Effect of Age upon the Interrelationship of BMI and Inpatient Health Outcomes , 2019, The journal of nutrition, health & aging.

[35]  P. Bhattacharya,et al.  Leptin Functions in Infectious Diseases , 2018, Front. Immunol..

[36]  M. Vital,et al.  The Role of Pulmonary and Systemic Immunosenescence in Acute Lung Injury , 2018, Aging and disease.

[37]  A. Bharat,et al.  Association of body mass index with lung transplantation survival in the United States following implementation of the lung allocation score , 2017, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[38]  Tyler J. VanderWeele,et al.  Sensitivity Analysis in Observational Research: Introducing the E-Value , 2017, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[39]  M. Maurer,et al.  Refining Low Physical Activity Measurement Improves Frailty Assessment in Advanced Lung Disease and Survivors of Critical Illness , 2017, Annals of the American Thoracic Society.

[40]  G. Bernard,et al.  Frailty and Subsequent Disability and Mortality among Patients with Critical Illness , 2017, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[41]  V. Afshar-Kharghan Complement and clot. , 2017, Blood.

[42]  F. Blyth,et al.  Longitudinal associations between body composition, sarcopenic obesity and outcomes of frailty, disability, institutionalisation and mortality in community-dwelling older men: The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project , 2016, Age and ageing.

[43]  Xiang Gao,et al.  Body mass index and all‐cause mortality among older adults , 2016, Obesity.

[44]  Liu Shuying,et al.  “Obesity Paradox” in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Asystematic Review and Meta-Analysis , 2016, PloS one.

[45]  C. Goss,et al.  Obese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have a higher 90-day mortality risk with bilateral lung transplantation. , 2015, The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation.

[46]  Yu-Chuan Li,et al.  Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI): Opportunities for Observational Researchers , 2015, MedInfo.

[47]  Steven Shea,et al.  Association Between Emphysema-like Lung on Cardiac Computed Tomography and Mortality in Persons Without Airflow Obstruction , 2014, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[48]  S. Jee,et al.  Obesity survival paradox in pneumonia: a meta-analysis , 2014, BMC Medicine.

[49]  Peter H Whincup,et al.  Sarcopenic Obesity and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study of Older Men , 2014, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[50]  S. Rutherford,et al.  Body mass index and risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis , 2013, Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[51]  Mark Loeb,et al.  Populations at risk for severe or complicated influenza illness: systematic review and meta-analysis , 2013, BMJ.

[52]  S. Jaber,et al.  Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. , 2013, The New England journal of medicine.

[53]  W. Ruf,et al.  Inflammation, obesity, and thrombosis. , 2012, Blood.

[54]  M. Baldwin,et al.  Hypoalbuminemia and Early Mortality After Lung Transplantation: A Cohort Study , 2012, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

[55]  A. Anzueto,et al.  Impact of obesity on outcomes for patients hospitalised with pneumonia , 2011, European Respiratory Journal.

[56]  Maria Crespo,et al.  Obesity and primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation: the Lung Transplant Outcomes Group Obesity Study. , 2011, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[57]  Peter Kovacs,et al.  Combined proteomic and metabolomic profiling of serum reveals association of the complement system with obesity and identifies novel markers of body fat mass changes. , 2011, Journal of proteome research.

[58]  F. Hu,et al.  Obesity is associated with higher risk of intensive care unit admission and death in influenza A (H1N1) patients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis , 2011, Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[59]  G. Nuovo,et al.  Degos disease: a C5b-9/interferon-α-mediated endotheliopathy syndrome. , 2011, American journal of clinical pathology.

[60]  Ognjen Gajic,et al.  Early identification of patients at risk of acute lung injury: evaluation of lung injury prediction score in a multicenter cohort study. , 2011, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[61]  M. Moss,et al.  Pulmonary vascular dysfunction is associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute lung injury. , 2010, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[62]  C. Dethlefsen,et al.  Obesity and risk of subsequent hospitalisation with pneumonia , 2010, European Respiratory Journal.

[63]  Robert Schechter,et al.  Factors associated with death or hospitalization due to pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection in California. , 2009, JAMA.

[64]  D. Christiani,et al.  Body mass index is associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome , 2009, Thorax.

[65]  T. Kadowaki,et al.  CD8+ effector T cells contribute to macrophage recruitment and adipose tissue inflammation in obesity , 2009, Nature Medicine.

[66]  R. Kitazawa,et al.  MCP-1 contributes to macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity. , 2006, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[67]  M. Desai,et al.  Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. , 2003, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[68]  L. Fried,et al.  Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. , 2001, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[69]  D. Schoenfeld,et al.  Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[70]  M. Cowen,et al.  Casemix adjustment of managed care claims data using the clinical classification for health policy research method. , 1998, Medical care.

[71]  B. Spiegelman,et al.  Regulation of alternative pathway activation and C3a production by adipose cells. , 1996, Obesity research.

[72]  D. Sellen,et al.  Genetics of Criminal and Antisocial Behaviour. Ciba Foundation Symposium 194. Pp. 283. Edited by G. R. Bock & J. A. Goode. (Wiley, Chichester, 1996.) £50.00. , 1998, Journal of Biosocial Science.

[73]  G Hripcsak,et al.  Conceptual data model for a central patient database. , 1991, Proceedings. Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care.